FREDERICK-LEMETR

French actor. The biggest actor democratic romanticism. His best roles: Robert Macaire (inn Andre "and" Robert Macaire "), Edgar Ravensvud (Lamermurskaya Bride"), Richard Darlington (Darlington, Richard "), Kean (Kean), Jean (Paris ragpicker "), etc.

Antoine Louis Prosper Lemetr born July 29, 1800 in Le Havre. His father, Antoine Marie Lemetr, a famous architect, founder gavrskoy schools of painting and architecture, was vspylchiv, incontinently, and to calm his anger, the little Prosper read him poetry.

After her father′s death in 1809, the boy′s life changed dramatically. His mother moved to Paris, where her relatives lived, and there is beginning to sell furniture. For the son she was able to get a scholarship in the College of St. Барб. However, contrary to Prosper loosely related studies, and his mother sent him to Le Havre, that he yungoy on a ship, sail to Guinea . . .

On the road to Le Havre Prosper stopped in Rouen, which won a large sum in the pool. But money quickly ran out, and March 20, 1815 he returned to Paris. Lemetr entered the service, first to a notary, and then to the merchant. Finally, he was the Director of teatrika "Variety-Amyuzant at Boulevard Tampl. Beautiful bouncing boy like Director, and the 16-year-old Prosper was included in the troupe for paltry fee - 30 francs a month. A day later, the young actor made his debut in the pantomime "Piram and Tisba" as a lion.

The "Variety-Amyuzant" Lemetr stay long, he moved to the theater "Fyunambyul, which has more than ten very different roles. Forced to put a name on a poster home and fear of scandal, Prosper Lemetr first time here under the surname of Frederick, which became his life-stage pseudonym, later joined with this surname - Lemetr.

One of the visitors′ theater actor recommended the "Comedy Frances, Professor Conservatory Michelet. So Frederick, Lemetr is in a class of tragedy.

While at the Conservatory, he remained an actor pantomime. In 1818 Frederick-Lemetr switched from "Fyunambyulya" in the Olympic circus. " Working in theater pantomime laid the foundation of his future creative victories.

In June 1820 he joined the troupe of the theater "Odeon", which spent three seasons, then turned into "Ambigyu-Comedy. "

2 Jul, 1823 Frederick-Lemetr played a cursory convict Robert Macaire in the melodrama "inn Andre" Antje, Saint-Aman and Polianta. Frederick translated comic melodrama in the plan. And the sound of comedy roles only revealed at the premiere, which was a surprise even to the authors of the play. As Russia sees teatroved GB Aseev, "was born a bright, fast, naughty show, which dominated improvisation, joke, trick.

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In the center of action was charming, desperately brave and endlessly brazen, cynical and witty runaway convict Robert Macaire, boldly enters into single combat with the police and cheerfully transferred the bodies of those killed in the boxes gendarmes. " The play was a huge success. However, after the eighty-fifth presentation censors banned "inn. "

Over four seasons in the theater "Ambigyu-Comedy" Frederick Lemetr-played 25 roles on stage and made 980 times! At the same time, almost always playing a central role, he has another side, in small teatrikah appear in three roles famous Talma (Otello - including), as well as to write two plays.

Soon came the role that required a more complex internal moves. Among them were a landmark for Frederick Kardilyak (Kardilyak or Neighborhood Arsenal, 1824) and Caliostro (Caliostro, 1825) in the play Antony and Leopold. Shumny success of these performances brought Frederick to the ranks of the best actors of Paris. Since that time, it establishes the nickname "Talma boulevards. He notes the press. "Gifted is a remarkable theatrical instinct, - newspaper" Pandora "- Frederick is in no way has flatulency old melodrama actors . . . It penetrates feelings character, he has the zeal, naturalness. " This view is further strengthened when He played the role of a trooper Dyupre, nicknamed Rudder Pari ( "rolling-Paris) in a melodrama, and Benjamin Ryubena" trooper "(1825).

In 1826 Lemetr married to actress Sophie Allin, three years playing with him in "Ambigyu. However, the ball had to cancel the wedding: before the start of Paris spread sad news - death Lemetra idol, the great tragedian Talma. Shadow of the sad Overtures as though marred the destiny of a young couple - their family life is unsuccessful . . .

Frederick-Lemetr understands that changed the scope of the theater "Ambigyu, and in 1827 transferred to the theater" Port of St. Maarten, which debuted in the melodrama "Thirty years, or life of the player" Dyukanzha and Dino. Her hero George Zhermani - a player who possessed a mad passion, leading him to death. Frederick and his partner Dorval reached the hypnotic power of that strikes in the romantic actors. In the third act climax screams of horror bore from all over the room, but at the premiere of one of the spectators fainted and had to make.

The performance made the furor. Event Frederick Stage and Dorval became a revelation for the actors themselves - until now they did not have equal force and partners were not aware of such a complete creative understanding. Critic Jules Zhanen wrote that Frederick and Dorval "making stump and the heavy sentence was just and natural and makes the drama in which actors roar, in a simple conversation .

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. . These two artist made a full revolution in the drama. And immediately the audience, accustomed to the howl of melodrama, to all this noise voices and words, have been surprised pereglyadyvatsya, moved and charmed . . . "In all the reviews sounded the same message:" This is truly appalling. "

March 25, 1828 in the Port of St. Maarten "the premiere of the drama Dyukanzha" Lamermurskaya Bride. This piece is already up close to the romantic drama. The tragic history of Lucy Aston (Dorval) and Edgar Ravensvuda (Frederick), volant its great and a strong sense across the sea of lies and violence that sounded like a hymn of high romantic love, doomed to death, but praised the ideal of humanity. And this time, Frederick and Dorval struck spectators poetry, passion, beauty.

After a triumphant tour of the cities of France Frederic, was invited for the first time in London. Soon, he reported from the capital of England: "The success exceeded all my expectations!"

During the bourgeois revolution of 1830, Frederick-Lemetr together with other actors fought at the barricades. On the night of July 28, with a handful of citizens, he led a battle against the battalions of gendarmes.

In the same year at the "Odeon" Frederick made his debut in the best roles of the recently deceased Talma. However, and this time he played a short klassitsistskie role. The most famous and significant role of Frederick in the drama became Napoleon A. Dumas, father of "Napoleon Bonaparte, or thirty years of French history. " Critics showered praise the actor and Dumas gave him a copy of the play with the inscription "Romantic Talma. "

After the merger "Odeon" to "Port of St. Maarten, in the latter gathered the best actors boulevards. New Port of St. Maarten "opens Dec. 10, 1831 drama Dino A. Dumas and Richard Darlington," which became one of the greatest triumphs of Frederick.

Richard Darlington - rabid climber, violently and aggressively going to the authorities. This modern Macbeth as it was replaced Lemetru inaccessible to him by Shakespeare. After the show no one doubted that the Frederick-Lemetr greatest actor in France.

The theme of revenge for humanity scold painted Buridana role in "Nelskoy Tower" by A. Dumas and Gennaro in "Rape of Lucretia Borja" Hugo (1833). Frederick-Lemetr, according to Hugo, "ingeniously translated to Gennaro, which wanted to sponsor. " Spontaneous grace of youth, impatient impetuosity, the combination of softness and courageous force attached to it conquers poetic charm.

Resume ′inn "in 1830 and endlessly playing this extravaganza, Frederick-Lemetr more thought over the satirical potential of the predatory and the brazenness of the hero.

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He had the idea of a satirical comedy "Robert Macaire. " Sponsored by Antje actor and St. Amand. We need to take into account that the premiere was held on June 14, 1834, that is exactly two months after a powerful revolutionary outbreak. The country was shocked by the severity of punishment with the risen. In the hot political atmosphere "Robert Macaire" has made particularly strong impression.

Eccentric humorist Robert Macaire is now a convict becomes a financier, chairman of the joint stock company in which he wants as managers and brazenly loot the shareholders. At the end of the play, he flies away in the hot air balloon, to other countries to apply their financial skills. Name Macaire was the nouns, in France even has the word "makerizm.

". . . Frederick - the most powerful actor, which I only know - wrote IS Turgenev on the performance of Frederick Lemetrom role-Macaire. - In the play he terrible . . . What audacity, what shameless audacity, a cynical aplomb, a challenge to all and a total contempt! . . But the truth is overwhelming, what inspiration! "

In spring 1836 Lemetra have tarnished the family business. Sophie Allin was four years older than her husband. Ten years of marriage and four children (three sons and a daughter), has tired her. Citing poor health, for fear of new motherhood, the need for a sense subordinate to reason, Sophie′s husband offered to give up. Separation Lemetra with his wife gave food for gossip. Print besputstva "to label him . . .

In the same year, Frederick-Lemetr accepted the offer to join the theater troupe vodevilnogo "Variety. " Short work of "Variety" has brought him tremendous artistic victory: the role of Keene in the same play by A. Dumas. The premiere was held on August 31, 1836. "It seemed to me that I can see again, as a living, the late Keene" - H. Heine wrote. Playwright and novelist F. Sule noted. "Many said that the actor Frederick sudden, unreflecting inspiration, but it is wrong! This actor, who is seriously studying and patiently building its role. The stage with Lord Myuilom - the curse of the length of fifty lines, where the irony ever heard anger, he holds, skill, and varying skill distributing its forces up to the moment when, finally, allows you to break out throughout the tragedy of power, filling his mind, gesture voice. Composition of Keene makes the greatest honor of Frederick. "

While working in the theater "Variety" friend and partner Lemetra became a pretty, thin blonde Louise Baudouin. The roles that she played with him and under his leadership - the summit of its actors′ achievements.

In spring of 1838 Frederick-Lemetr received an invitation to the theater opening "Renaissance" to participate in the new play by Hugo.

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In Ryui Blazy "he created a wonderful poetic image. Hugo, speaking of Frederika in this role, claimed that the actor reincarnate in Ryui Blazy combining Lekena and Garrigue, efficiency Keene with emotional Talma. "And then around through the dazzle of its game Frederick carries tears are real tears, which make others cry . . . Frederick put to us a great actor . . . "

In summer 1839, Louise Baudouin suddenly left Lemetra, preferring it to the rich and noble admirer. Perfidy friends shocked actor. He went to the province, a heavy silence tours of heartfelt sorrow. After three years of his new lady hearts became Klariss world - on stage Klariss mademoiselle . . .

In 1840 Frederick′s of the play mostly in the plays "black genre" in which the first plan were fabulnaya entertaining, evil, murder, poisoning, kidnapping . . . In February 1844 he played in the Port of St. Maarten "Jacques Ferrand role in staging the novel Sue E. " Mysteries of Paris. " The play did not go bills for two months, has brought enormous fees. Frederick also plays in the play "Don Cesar de Bazan", which at his request wrote Dyumanuar and Denneri.

He became friends with closely Honore de Balzac. And even played in his Votrene "(1840). However, after the first submission to the Minister of the Interior banned the production, which caused tremendous scandal.

In Paris ragpicker "Pia (1847) Frederick-Lemetr played one of his best roles - pop, Jean. Before you arrive at the scene, the actor studied at the famous Parisian ragpicker Liara carry basket, lamp, stick with a hook. During the play Frederick negligent traffic sticks take out the crown, and with scornful laughter by enthusiastic shouts of the audience threw it back to the basket. The strength of that image allowed Gertsenu say Frederika that "it is merciless in the role of" vetoshnika . . . "- otherwise I do not know how to express his game, he is pulling out of the chest of a moan, a reproach, like a twinge of conscience . . . a touching, funny and great in his spiritual nobility, ragpicker Jean, fearlessly enters the fight for good and justice, for many years became a symbol of moral force the people of France.

The critic Théophile Gautier, Frederick called "the greatest actor in the world, admired his ability to reincarnation:" Never an actor does not speak great band: it has both the viewer′s tears and laughter, energy and softness, passion and serenity, lyricism and dream rudeness action refinement and triviality, and it may with equal advantage to portray the princes and thieves, awnings and porters, lovers and drunkards, wasteful sons and predatory moneylenders. This is the Proteus, a truly Shakespearean actor, a great, simple and varied as nature.

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"

9 Nov. , 1850 Frederick-Lemetr played in the drama Denneri and Marc Fournier "Pagliacci" (theater Gete) The role of wandering clown and acrobat Guillaume Belfegora. Even before the premiere of the newspaper was surrounded by emerging performance swirl of gossip and guesswork. Among other things, reported that while working on the role of clown, Frederick went to the theater "Fyunambyul" to clarify any detail. Met with ovation the actors and audience, he then exchanged a costume with one of the actors and made an improvised clownery. Perhaps that is: the image of reliability, accuracy of observation of life in "Pagliacci" acquired special significance for Frederick.

After another victory in the social melodrama "The Old Corporal" Denneri (1853) for Lemetra came hard times. Rapid success followed almost annual "idle". And then came the personal misfortune: he learned of the treason Klariss world that during the thirteen years of worshiping.

Only hard work can take it out of the state of deep despondency. He readily responded to the request for assistance, which appealed to him an old friend, Charles Denuaye, the then director of Ambigyu. Frederick-Lemetr save it from collapse, resuming some of his performances.

But the season ended in Ambigyu, and again potekli difficult years. Frederick played less frequently now, with long intervals, sometimes bringing it to the needs of heavy, difficult to find pieces, internally close to him knew, and the average success and complete failure. In 1859 he played in the theater "Ambigyu-Comedy" role, which again helped him to deepen and develop the great theme of his last creative years - in the drama Everara Merisa "school teacher". Then he began to think that bow out from the stage. However, he continued to play, although the contract was able to get less.

Alas, the recent years, a great actor, lived in poverty. In summer 1873 came complete collapse - Lemetra furniture was sold at auction. None of the friends could not save him from want. Next to him was a young Anna Leander, which he gave for his niece. Moving attachment girls skrashivala his sad old age.

January 22, 1875 was the last performance of the actor. Fatal diseases - cancer of the throat and tongue - remove it from the theater and a year later brought to the grave. January 26, 1876 Frederick-Lemetr died.

In the graves of the actor Victor Hugo said, "Frederick-Lemetr has the ability, all power, all attractive people, he was indomitable, powerful, moving, violent, charming, like the people, he combines tragedy and comedy. This was the source of his omnipotence . . . "