KACHALOV VASILY IVANOVICH

Russian actor. Since 1900, in the Moscow art theater. Roles: Tuzenbah ( "Three Sisters"), Trofimov ( "Cherry Orchard"), Baron ( "The Day"), Hamlet ( "Hamlet"), Chatsky ( "Woe from Wit"), Ivan Karamazov ( "The Brothers Karamazov"), Vershinin (armored 14-69) and others

Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich (Kachalov) was born in Vilna on 30 January (11 February) 1875 in the family priest, Father John.

Basil′s fascination with the theater began in childhood with exemplary stopping touring (especially his memorable Mammoth-Dalsky). In the gymnasium Shverubovich - party all the performances. Podkolesin, nostrils, Khlestakov . . . A student of sixth-graders played these roles for one year. At the commemorative concert in the gymnasium, he had read the infiltration of "Iliad", he applauded the audience. Monologues Hamlet, Otello, Urielya Acosta had been in his repertoire during the breaks between lessons. The young actor, PN ORLEN, listen to his recitation, blessed Basil: "You ask me to board, whether you come in a dramatic school. Yes, you own - school! You will not learn to walk. You only damage. Do straight to the stage - to suffer and work. "

In autumn of 1893 Shverubovich became a student of the Faculty of Law at St. Petersburg University. He also acted in the theatrical circle Sidorova. Successfully playing a role in Valère molerovskom "Miserly" Shverubovich moved to the amateur club celebrated actor, VN Davidovs.

The role of the old actor Neschastlivtseva brought him this success. This happened in November of 1895, when the Hall of Nobility assembly in St. Petersburg was the performance "Forest". The first in a life review! And wrote it NN Garin-Mikhailovsky. "It is impossible not to recognize the talents of such performers as Shverubovich playing Genadi Neschastlivtseva.

After studying four years at university, Basil did not pass state exams. In 1896, a student-lover Shverubovich becoming an actor Kachalova. When entering Suvorinsky the theater, he did not know how to subscribe. And then his eyes accidentally fell upon the black ad in "New time": "A Bose slept Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov. Shverubovich strongly subscribed: "Vasily Kachalov.

In suvorinskoy group Kachalov played tertiary, inconspicuous character without a name and face. Sometimes called to speak to strangers teatrikah and circles. He agreed to any role, just to play and play.

And it was another. Wine drink. Random hobbies . . . Carefree acting brothers keen on traktirnye randan and joy. But Shverubovich managed to stop in time.

In summer he toured the cities of Russia in the troupe performer VP Dalmatova, then signed a contract with Kazan entrepreneurs MM Boroday.

Troupe Beard of the season held in Saratov. For two and a half years Kachalov reviews of over two hundred and fifty roles! In his benefit, he performed the role Shakhovskaya in the play "King Theodore. " Saratov newspaper wrote: "A pleasant, sonorous voice, great, modest manners, his ability to transform into the various roles of grouchy old men to turbulent Molodtsov donnish and gentlemen, the natural warmth in the field of drama - it Kachalov . . . "

In Kazan, he met his future wife.

Photo — «Kachalov Vasily Ivanovich»

Nina Litovtseva played with him in the Kazan Theater. Young dream again, to work in a theater. But fate has divided them.

February 27, 1900 Kachalov traveled to Moscow to become an artist of Art and the public theater. To discover, or, as director Nemirovich-Danchenko, "to find that he could" Kachalova should appear in two scenes "Death of Lincoln": first in the role of Boris Godunov, then king of Grozny. Actor hopelessly failed in both roles. Behind the scenes it came KS Stanislavsky. Noting the "rich data", he immediately reservation: "You have a terrible job on himself. I do not even know whether able to explain to you what it is. " Shortly Kachalova stop at the rehearsal. But he was an enviable obstinacy came to the theater.

The role of the king Berendeya in "Snow" prepared Stanislavski and two actors. Neither one of them fails. Stanislavsky suddenly turned to the actor rejected: "Check out the home Berendeya . . . Tomorrow we will see you . . . "

The next day Kachalov such inspiration has played a king Berendeya that Stanislavsky actor embraced. "nothing more than look! We have Berendey! - He started talking excitedly. - It is - a miracle! You - our! You all understand. Get the most important, the essence of our theater. This is an amazingly! I′m so glad! "

After a triumphant debut on Sept. 26, 1900 in the play "The Snow Maiden" Kachalova entrust a major role in the play by Ibsen Rubeka "When we dead, wakes up. " It will be quite some time, and Nemirovich-Danchenko will recommend to the young actor for the role Tuzenbaha in "Three Sisters. " In another play by Chekhov′s "Cherry Orchard" Kachalov appear in the image of Petit Trofimova. "denying [Tuzenbahu and Trofimov] in impressive, he filled them with their own optimism, humor and mild mental clarity - writes biographer VY Vilenkin. - They are concerned with the audience the significance of his inner world, which are intertwined and longing, and anxiety, and could not be reconciled with the environment, and the thirst for happiness, and loneliness, and a presentiment of impending storms. " Chekhov wrote 5 November, 1902 from Moscow: "The lack of Meyerhold unnoticed in the" Three Sisters ", he replaced Kachalova, who plays a wonderful . . . "

At the same time, the first meeting Kachalova with Gorky: he played in the play "On the bottom. " The actor embodied in the image of the Baron "one of the most catastrophic human curves fall. " Bitter after the premiere performance at the Baron said: "I did not suspect that I wrote such a wonderful role. Kachalov its advanced and developed and explained beautifully. "

A major event in the life of the theater was a Shakespearean play "Julius Caesar. " A month after the premiere Nemirovich-Danchenko wrote Чехову: From Caesar Tchuraev all, as I said that this is An effective role, and almost forced to Kachalova famous. " According to critics, the actor was able to achieve a perfect combination "of marble and bronze. " Fed power climber, happy darling of fortune, with a sharp mind and an iron will, Caesar at the same time admired and alienate his complex inner world.

In 1903 Kachalov friends with a professional revolutionary, the Bolsheviks - Nicholas Baumann, who secretly returned to Russia, several months in hiding from police in an apartment Vasily Ivanovich.

Photo — «Kachalov Vasily Ivanovich»

In December 1906, Kachalov played at the premiere of "Brand" Ibsen. The success was tremendous. Then there were the role of counsel in Nullyusa "Anateme L. Andreev and Ivan Karamazov. Kachalov said: "I loved Ivan Karamazov in his revolt against God imposed on man as a stone on his neck, his passionate belief in the virtue of reason, bold destroys all barriers to learning. And this idea of covering for me in any special light each, and let the terrible experience of Ivan. " For this performance the role, he wrote one of the critics when the play "The Brothers Karamazov," "once was crowned with golden wreaths.

In 1909 production was "The Gates kingdom on the play by Knut Gamsuna. Critics wrote about the hero kachalovskom Ivar Kareno that it was "possibly the most perfect of all the images created by the artist," and that he "was brought directly into the dazzle. " "Mutiny Kareno - this is truly human, noble revolt", - said the actor.

Caused a public storm and the next role Kachalova. This time, however, hotly debated "wine artist," derznuvshego destroy the traditional interpretation Glumova - hero comedy Ostrovskiy "At any wise man is rather simple. Moskovskie students even turned to Vasily Ivanovich with a letter stating that they used to see in it the guiding star: "Kachalov - Brand, Kachalov - Kareno, Kachalov - Tuzenbah troubled us, introduced discord into our soul, giving us Kachalova - Glumova . Why do you makes us sympathize Glumovu against our will, against our conscience? "

Russian scene still did not know such a satirical Glumova. ". . . I have made the task - writing Kachalov - show that Glumov not only clever but also very talented, that it is something of Pushkin′s satirical and epigrammista. And then Glumov of the kind for whom life - fascinating game. This game is stronger teshit it than the right of his anger on people or care about career. At the core lies Glumova sensitive observer collected all the ridiculous to the surrounding people. "

Thirty-five different roles played Kachalov at the Art Theater, the first of what appeared in the form of Hamlet. Production has been conceived in the theater in 1908, and the premiere was able to show only four years.

The famous English director Gordon Craig, who had been invited in 1911 to work together, explain the failure of his simvolistskogo idea primarily because Kachalov him and did not want to create the image of Hamlet in the "living person". Vasily Ivanovich N. Efros said: "I am most worried about the world′s grief of Hamlet, which gave him the disdain for the life of her imperfections, exiguity, nonsense and mischief. x3c. . . x3e The tragedy of Hamlet - the curse of the double consciousness: the imperfections of life and the inability to draw it into perfection. "

Critics agree that Kachalov painted a new portrait of the Prince of Denmark, reducing it to the usual pedestal on which he stood for hundreds of years.

In the "Brand" and "Hamlet" Kachalov was dissatisfied with themselves, believing that he was unable to reach the limit of simplicity and sincerity. In "Woe from Wit", he most muchilsya that the sincerity of his Chatskogo are not yet covered the "heroic" essence griboedovskogo image.

Photo — «Kachalov Vasily Ivanovich»

And in the first set in 1906 and with the resumption of play in the 1914-m Kachalova praised especially for his sensitivity to the era, a sense of style, a brilliant verse possession. Many have written about his gentle charm. And for him, as he himself said, "Chatsky was primarily roads as a fighter, a knight and hero of the free spirit of the public. "

In 1919, the start wandering "hudozhestvennikov" in the southern cities, then war tornado kills more and more - from the homeland. The troupe of 36 people were welcome in Bulgaria. Already the first concerts with Kachalova passed with great success.

1921-the year met in Prague. At the premiere of "Hamlet", held in an old castle near Prague, among the many honored guests attended German actor Sandro Moses. From that day between him and Kachalova was a close friendship. Convert their creative disputes, son Kachalova - Vadim Shverubovich recalled: "One of the thoughts that I painfully understand themselves and transferred to each of them was common to both and both expressed:" The biggest joy (joy), the actor gives a totally heartfelt sorrow, despair, do not play, but felt them on stage - the joy is at the very moment of the strongest grief. " They both had tears in her eyes, when it became clear that this is their - the general.

In Berlin Kachalov are often performed with the concert program, first started to read "The Scythians" and "Twelve" by A. Blok.

In September 1922, after a short vacation Kachalov again went on tour. Bid farewell to their native land, he felt a longing неизбывную. "without a miss in Moscow, - Vasily Ivanovich wrote to their loved ones. - Miss most this way. Comfort work, dream about the role of Tsar Fyodor . . . "

Once again, Berlin, Prague, Zagreb. At the local premiere of the theater was "King Theodore" with new artists - Stanislavsky as boyar Shuisky Kachalova and in the role of Tsar Fyodor. By all accounts, the new singer played the king as "good, very, very well. "

The same performance theater, opened the winter season in Paris. The city fascinated Kachalova his poetry.

"Tsar Fyodor" began touring in America. On the first evening Kachalova met with applause and spent flowers. Equally successful was he in the play "On the bottom" in the role of the Baron. Work was long and hard. Other times in the play "Three Sisters" Kachalov by playing Tuzenbaha, peregrimirovyvalsya in Vershinina. Sometimes a night in the evening, in continuation of the week, played the difficult role Anatemy.

Spring theater went deep into the country - Chicago, Philadelphia and Boston. Tours and then passed to the big success. The largest reach Kachalova laurels, which the American press has recognized the greatest artist of the world.

In summer 1923, the Art Theater for a two-month suspended the tour. The company has returned to Europe for vacation. Kachalov with his family settled in the quiet German village in the mountains Gartsa, at the foot of Brokkena. His son, Vadim, he simply loved. Relations between them were friendly. Vadim has always called his father "John". With his wife Nina Nikolaevna Kachalov spent forty-eight years. But it survived the tragedy of her departure from the scene in connection with the suddenly struck her misfortune - a chronic limp, and then helped to start a new life in the theater, but now as a producer.

Photo — «Kachalov Vasily Ivanovich»

Autumn tour resumed. In Paris Kachalov played almost all the performances. He said: "For Ivan Karamazov, I heard from the French and the Russians, such praise, which, perhaps, have never heard, even as something embarrassing to tell. "

In America, the audience saw kachalovskogo Shtokman. Hero ibsenovskoy plays as if born again and began to live differently. Shtokman in Kachalova - hero of the brave, wise life experience.

In August 1924, the Art Theater has returned to Moscow.

Rakitin at the play by Turgenev I. "A month in the village, in Karenina" live body "Tolstoy, Shakespeare′s Hamlet, Dong Guan in" The Stone Guest "by A. Pushkin - this is not an exhaustive list of roles performed in the subsequent Kachalova time. Each new weave a wreath of laurels crowns the celebrated artist. As the biographer VY Vilenkin, he had been given "and loftiness figures, and the plasticity of a gesture, and devoid of any mush courageous, spiritual beauty, and the famous in all possible comparisons voice, captivating and fascinating, arresting its enormous range and variety of colors. " Stanislavsky wrote Kachalova: "lucky dog! You been higher, that nature is able to give the actor: stage charisma. It is manifested in your talent, and wisdom, and in the whole of your personality. With this magical gift you win people around the world, including me . . . "

Kachalov was easy to communicate with people. He visited the house of the poet Sergei Yesenin, who immediately made friends not only with the owner, but also with his dog. Handsome Dobermann Jim immediately проник�� sympathy for the poet, who wrote the famous poem "Dog Kachalova.

Vasily Ivanovich distinguished kindness, sensitivity, and the reluctance of their inability to depress people. As the theater went anecdotes about how he had a meeting with the praises of actors, even in those roles, which they never played. At the same time Kachalov been intolerable to any expression of banality. His outraged unjustified cruelty, injustice, discourtesy.

His half-season in 1925 Kachalov said the creation of the bright image of Tsar Nicholas in the play "The First and the Decembrists Nicholas A. Kugelya. The play was perfectly placed Litovtsevoy director under the direction of Stanislavsky.

January 12, 1928 Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov received the title of People′s Artist of the Republic. The celebration of this event was held in the intermission of "armored â„– 14-69" Sun. Ivanov. Kachalov played a role, a Siberian peasant partisan civil war Vershinina. Many astonished bold determination actor to play "man. " "He used to play Hamlet and his descendants" - sostril someone. And suddenly brave Siberian partisans. But the actor once again defeated. Vsevolod Ivanov wrote: "Kachalov with striking force was able to understand and develop the entire subtext" armored ". . . Forgetting about who wrote this play, I was captured monumental figures Vershinina.

For many years Gaeva in "cherry garden" played Stanislavsky. In October 1932, it was replaced in this role Kachalov. Light touches of the actor stressed the inability Gaeva at least something to focus, his reckless, irresponsible in any serious matter.

October 11, 1935 the premiere of the play Gorky "enemies.

Photo — «Kachalov Vasily Ivanovich»

" Zakhar Bardin - the last big role Kachalova at the Art Theater. Later played the role of James Bardeen was not so large, and Chatsky in "Woe from Wit" (staged in 1938) is not new in the kachalovskom repertoire: in his youth he had played the hero of this immortal comedy.

Radio gramzapis, sound recordings, a direct reading of poems and prose works of music have been his second nature after the theater. Concert repertoire it is huge. Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Nekrasov, Tyutchev, Chekhov . . . Shakespeare, Cervantes, Goethe, Byron, Schiller . . . Gorky, Blok, Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Simonov . . .

"Iliad" Kachalov read in Greek, and Cicero, and speech excerpts from the works of Horace - in Latin.

Majestic Gogolevsky image of the "Troika" from "Dead souls" and Chekhovskaya lyrics in the story "Student" in the performance of Kachalova revealed in all its poetic depth.

On the concert stage Kachalov re-established the classical image of the "Manfred" Byron and the "Egmont Goethe. Reading the "Egmont" was accompanied by a symphony orchestra. Exciting monologue hero tragedy of Goethe and Beethoven′s music is a wonderful blend of harmonic duet.

In a circle of friends Kachalov tell different stories funny, pathetic incidents of life. Especially reach Nemirovich-Danchenko, which often falls on the funny situations.

During the war Kachalov frequently appeared on radio, went to concerts at the front. Medal for valiant work in the Great Patriotic War "deserves to be adorned chest patriot.

Before the seventieth Vasily Ivanovich almost violently ill and was taken to hospital for treatment: flu gave complications in the kidney. The disease risk of fatal outcome.

Spring Kachalov returned to art, without which could not live. Even participated in a large radio dramas based on the novel by Cervantes′ Don Quixote. " The image of the knight of La Mancha in the performance of Kachalova was a deep penetration of concern to his sincerity and truthfulness.

Again, read before the microphone and at concerts. CHEKHOVIAN wrote stories and poems of Lermontov cycle. Served on their creative evenings.

And how many started the new job! While large, such as radiokompozitsiya "Hero of Our Time" MU Lermontov and the story "Holstomer" LN Tolstoy.

And the events were always sad for the artist: farewell to the beloved roles. Now days, when Vasily Ivanovich had last played the role of the author "in the play" Resurrection "and the Baron in" The Day ".

He loved nature. Summer vacation at the cottage on the hill by Nikolina Zvenigorod. In the days of his youth with his wife to sit long hours on the shore of a lake in Switzerland, and prefer to enjoy nature inspected some local sights.

Shortly before his death Kachalov said his wife and son: "Curiosity is not, but fear not, too. "

He died suddenly - of bleeding in the lungs - the morning of September 30, 1948.