MOCHALOV PAUL S.

Russian actor. The largest representative of Russian Romanticism. Since 1824 - at the Maly Theater. Famous in Shakespeare′s tragedies (Hamlet, Otello, Lear, Coriolanus, Romeo, Richard III), F. Schiller (Franz and Karl Moor, Ferdinand, Don Carlos), etc.

Pavel Stepanovich Mochalov was born on 3 (15) November 1800 in Moscow, in a family of serfs actors - Stepan Fyodorovich and Avdoti Ivanovna Mochalova. Parents married serfs. The son began life free.

The fate of Paul bestowed a rare memory. Once mastering speech, he repeated the prayer for the mother and the long lines of the Gospel. Lyrics remember without effort. Teatralnaya environment in which Paul was born, determined his career. His father, a famous actor, tragedian Moscow theater, became his first teacher of the performing arts.

Immediately after World War II Mochalov Jr. entered the board brothers Terlikovyh. He studied mathematics, comprehend literature, learned French and learned something from the general history and rhetoric.

4 September, 1817 Paul Mochalov first appeared on stage at the Moscow theater Polinika role in the tragedy, VA Ozerova "Oedipus in Athens". The debut was a success. "Mochalov played great applause did not stop, the triumph was complete," - wrote to AA Stahovich. Soon he was enrolled in the troupe of the Moscow Imperial Theater.

For Polinikom followed by other roles, there were many. In the early years of the actor played in the tragedies of Voltaire, VA Ozerova, comedies, AA Shakhovskaya.

Game Mochalova was rough. Prince Shakhovskaya said: "It is good only if and when there are no talks, and I always ask him about one that he did not try to play, and tried not to think only that it looks audience. This genius by instinct, he must learn the role and play, hit - so will be a miracle, but has not got - so go bad. "

Once Mochalov played in the comedy "Pustodomy" the role of Prince Radugina played carelessly, and - was inimitable: the nature of the hero was captured with remarkable subtlety. The author of the play, Prince Shakhovskaya after Performance hugged and kissed one another disaffected Mochalova and enthusiastically exclaimed: "Talma! - Talma what? Talma of his servants did not fit: you are a God! "

And life, and happiness for Mochalova focused on the stage. First love brought him much grief. In Nikolin day, the same year, when he debuted in the role of Polinika, he saw the girl in the church, struck the imagination. She was a sister of a friend a university student. Paul began to happen at home. When the lovers finally explained her parents intervened. Artist as a son-in-law discredited their dignity. Mochalova abandoned houses, and the daughter of a nobleman urgently issued. Paul experienced a hard gap.

From the secular dating or advantageous relations with the silent tenacity he refused. Mochalov came loose on the first circle, in a way to escape from loneliness. During the spree, and the fast life with the gypsies and insomnia inevitably attacked fits of remorse. His scold heads, threatening sanctions, the parents threatened to decline in talent.

His future wife, Natasha, Mochalov met in the coffee house of her father, Bazhenova. Paul struck innocent fresh face, blush of youth, blue eyes. The wedding took place in the church Simenona Stolpnika. But this marriage proved unsuccessful. Natasha was a typical meschanka, her art is not interested. Besides their first short-lived, the father did not even manage to tie it.

Mochalov again felt lonely and came loose during the second cycle. He was carried away girl Pelageya Petrova, loved him devotedly, selflessly. Defiance of decency, they settled down together. Born a girl recorded Petrova mother. The daughter began life JUDGING. Mochalov do not suffer.

Soon, father - Ivan Bazhenov filed a petition in the name of the highest, and the quarterly return of Paul to the legitimate wife. Petrova also banned under the threat of links to live with Mochalova. In the early thirties Natalia Bazhenova bore her husband′s daughter Katya. But the family did not improve . . .

Theater Career Mochalova considered as having been made. His character roles could not be questioned. For twenty-six years, he reviews a bunch of roles in the tragedy, historical drama, in Russian and translated plays of all genres. The number of characters, which he brought to the stage, close to three-digit. Critics have pointed out in the undeniable "sense of ardor" and "emergency force" of its expression, and the endless variety of colors "of nature experiences, and an unprecedented" emotional versatility.

Naturalness of the game was unusually Mochalova for then the concepts of drama. Speak to the tragedy of human deklamiruyuschego among the group was a matter of great original talent, because that way no one Mochalova indicated.

One of the critics say about the game Mochalova in the role of Otello, noted that income in kind to him until too easy. "But the reason to this - he sees - as it seems stilted tone of others, and syllable transfer all deklamiruyut music, and strange to hear one who speaks in a human. " This part is probably due to the comparative failure Mochalova debuts in St. Petersburg, which used to lozhnoklassicheskoy the game more than in Moscow. However, there could be another reason: no shadow Mochalova inspiration, or maybe he "tried" to play well - and played poorly.

The tragedy of the personal impact on Mochalova-actor. "Obedient, expressive features" found unexpressed stiffness. The "sweet charming voice appeared baleful shade of gray. Eyes, "reflects all the feelings, more often hurl dangerous lightning. He impressed the audience "galvanic shocks. He became a hero stamp fatal.

Excellent playing Meynau Mochalov role in the melodrama Kotsebu "Hatred towards people and repentance" (1826). Tell that he loved that role, which was bequeathed to put himself in a coffin in a suit Meynau. This piece belonged to the few in which Mochalov was always the same roven well. He performed the role of a husband to cheat, please delete in solitude and vpavshego in misanthropy. In his performance mushy, strut melodrama became deeply shocking drama. Focusing mount, insulting pride, mental anguish - all this was played simply and movingly.

In the French drama "Thirty years, or a player′s Life" (1828) Dyukanzha Mochalov performed a central role. Georges Zhermani he had a tragic figure, because all sacrificed one passion - the game. Mochalov in the play kept the audience in constant suspense. The play was a great success with the public.

He served in the adaptation for the stage of romantic poems of Pushkin (Kerim-weight, the Crimean Khan on grounds of "Fountain of Bakhchisarai). On the last day of January 1829, a joint benefisnom Cast Schepkin and Mochalova Pavel Stepanovich played the role of Karl Moor in "Robber". Then a year later, in his own benefit - Don Carlos. And, later, Ferdinand in the tragedy of Schiller "cunning and love. "

In 1829 Mochalova first saw the great Russian critic VG Belinsky. In a letter to his parents, he wrote: "I saw in the character roles and Karl Moor Mochalova famous, first, the best tragic actor of Moscow, the sole opponent Karatygina. My genius is too weak, too void, not sufficient to adequately describe this game inimitable actor, this unique hero, this great artist′s Dramatic Art. "

Belinsky was fond of playing Mochalova enjoyed minutes of his artistic inspiration. He put the talent Mochalova, despite all its shortcomings, above the St. Petersburg artist Karatygina talent, the game which was always seasoned, but not so much acting on a sense of how much to mind. Game Mochalova consisting of flashes of sincere, genuine feeling, quite in harmony with sincerity and passion hobbies Belinsky.

In 1831 at the Maly Theater was a comedy AS Griboedova "Woe from Wit". Mochalov played Chatskogo and all categorically not taken, found that he played a "sober Repetilova.

Mochalov was actor inspiration. With all his impetuosity he had not been communicative, although people close to him knew, there were B. Belinsky, and T. Granovsky and N. Beklemischev, and I. Samarin . . . Pisarev told writer Aksakov that Mochalov Dick in society "and" decent people "avoid.

Photo — «Mochalov Paul S.»

In interviews, he mostly silent. Free actor gave communicate with students.

Pavel Stepanovich loved literature and read a lot. He was a poet, author of plays, an unfinished, an interesting theoretical treatise on theatrical mind. Artist pondering how to make a minute of inspiration have been manageable. Molchanov read George Sand, Hugo in French. The letters Granovskaya admired Beethoven and Schumann. He is the author of the romantic drama "Circassian" shedshey his participation at the stage of the Maly Theater.

For spark-plug and passionate kind Mochalov belonged to the people who live mainly in heart, not mind. Good, honest, noble, but weak-kneed, he was able to quickly go to the manifestations of passion and just as quickly ohladevat.

Actress Parasha Orlova Mochalov gave some the best years of romantic devotion. It involves most of the survivors of his poems, confessions. Orlova was married to older actor. Mochalova lstila love her, and she encouraged it in the decencies.

In addition Orlova, had other hobbies. He raced to beat the ghosts of love until the end of life . . . During the tour, Paul S. fell in love with the wife of the popular Kiev Mlotkovskogo entrepreneur. He played with it and in Kiev and Kharkov scene. Then the keen French actress Plessi, attended her performances, she has visited. Foreigners, urged his actors: "Do you want to ensure your whole life - learn Hamlet in French and come to Paris. "

In his benefit, Jan 18, 1835, he took "Richard III". Mochalov created the titanic figure of the monster-vlastolyubtsa, flouted all norms of humanity and therefore doomed to loneliness and loss.

Event in the theatrical life of 1830-ies was Mochalova performance of Hamlet. Shchepkin first was outraged that Pavel Stepanovich is to benefit "Hamlet" - ugly play, as he did. The premiere performance took place on January 22, 1837.

Mochalovsky Hamlet connects all of its heroes. The Tragedy of Hamlet at Mochalova, widely, on a gigantic scale, has been at the same time, and personal and ispovednicheskoy. The hero of Shakespeare′s tragedy defended human dignity, "struggled with the world with all the passion of great character. "

The success of the performance has exceeded all expectations. Done a miracle. His so-called, and. A few days Belinsky, in a letter to St. Petersburg said: ". . . we saw a miracle - Mochalova as Hamlet . . . "

The actor gave himself to this difficult role. Once he admitted that if he would be forced to act, often in the role of Hamlet, he was deprived of reason. At the top of his career, Paul S. Mochalov received a pension.

Belinsky devoted to review its roles - Hamlet and the character - great article, " Hamlet, "Shakespeare′s drama Mochalov as Hamlet" and "Paul S. Mochalov. " The great critic wrote: ". . . giving [Mochalova] we, in deeper convinced that celebrate the great and brilliant. " Oh, Mochalov able to explain, and who wants to understand Shekspirova Hamlet, he does not study it in books and not in the classroom, while at the Petrovsky Theater. "

But a withdrawal Belinsky: ". . . it is impossible to imagine the extent to which few took advantage of the rich Mochalov means that given its nature! Since its entry onto the stage, accustomed to expect inspiration, only to expect from the sudden and volcanic outbreaks his feelings, he always was, depending on the location of his mind: to find his animation - and it is amazing, bespodoben; no animation - and he gets is not the to mediocrity - it would have wherever you went - no, the vulgarity and triviality. "

Such a different assessment of the great critics say that the talent Mochalova "really stood far below the ordinary. "

He was of medium height, slightly sutulovat. But the passionate inspiration Mochalov minutes, it seemed, grew and has been very straightforward. And then, as he wrote a biography of early AA Yartsev, "the head of his black curly hair, powerful shoulders particularly struck, and black eyes seemed wonderfully expressive. His face was created for the stage. A beautiful and pleasant in a calm state of mind, it was variable and mobile - now a mirror of all kinds of sensations, feelings and passions. "

All smote his entrancing voice. He was a tenor, soft and fruity, soft and strong, ingrained in the soul. Conversion and overflow votes have been varied and beautiful, his whisper was heard in the upper galleries, his voice strikes forced involuntarily shudder . . .

"In the performance of their roles differed Mochalov exemplary integrity - continues Yartsev. - He always knew them firmly, prompter, and he was determined not necessary. Mimicry Mochalova was wonderful, thanks to mobile and expressive face, and therefore kept silent scenes it amazing. Passion igroyu, Mochalov forgot that he was on stage, and he lived the life of the person drawn. He did not remember at this time how to treat others, and often played with him artists were returning home from bruises on his hands, made of passion Mochalova scenic fascination. "

In the forties of the increasingly appear on the record mochalovskih deeply, to abolish the performances, quarrels with management. From Mochalova leave the role. Once upon a time in coming, it was the sovereign act as Chatskogo, but instead saw somewhere outside the city. In the performance was urgently introduced Ivan Samarin.

January 17, 1841 at the Bolshoi Theater in a benefit performance, 40-year-old plays Mochalov premiere "Romeo and Julia" in Katkova. The play takes place successfully. Nevertheless, Paul S. Granovskaya writes: "I am - a man over with him, and as actor, too. "

In a later its benefit (1845) Mochalov brought for the first time on stage daughter Ekaterina Pavlovna in craftiness and love, "as Louise, and he made his debut as a musician, Miller (father of Louisa). MS Shchepkin also involved in the play, said later that crying on the stage of the game penetrating Mochalova.

Mochalov-tragedian permanent thirty years, occupies the first line, and reviews a huge number of roles. Translated from the melodramas in his repertoire are the most important pieces Kotsebu from the Russians - Shakhovskaya, Field, Obodovskogo and Kukolnik. Have him play a major role, and in comedies - such as Almaviva in "Barber of Seville" and Chatskogo - in "Woe from Wit".

Belinsky once said: "Mochalov was a mystery, the essence of the performing arts. " But these little pieces. The tragedy of the great actor was that he was not found, or did not find a piece that is fully able to match his talent. Mochalov fought for "Masquerade", but the censors did not allow setting of this play. From Shakespeare′s repertoire, he has played Hamlet, Otello, Lear, Coriolanus, Romeo, Richard III; of shillerovskogo - Franz and Karl Moor, Don Carlos, Ferdinand, and Miller, Mortimer ( "Mary Stuart").

Age Mochalova was short. The deaths came ridiculous. Pram on his way to Moscow from Voronezh collapsed under the brash ice. Pavel Stepanovich vymok. Peel all the way vodka - wine was not, jam it in snow. I came to Moscow was patient.

Died Mochalov March 16, 1848. He was only 48 years old. Moscow solemnly conducted its pet burial in eternal peace. When fasting burial in the Temple of the Great Cross on Nikolay Ilyinke made coffin, he intercepted the students of the university and carried on the hands before Vagankovskogo.

"In the world of art Mochalov instructive example, and sad - wrote in the obituary Belinsky. - He has proven themselves, that some natural resources as if they were great, but without the art and science of celebration brought only temporary . . . "

Much of the works did not take mochalovskom MS Shchepkin, but he appreciated the talent of an actor and learned of his death, wrote: "Russia has lost a powerful talent! What do I do that it is in our understanding, not quite satisfy us, but we no longer hear those amazing sounds of the soul, [not seen] those enthusiastic moments, which often erupt through its extravagant forms . . . "

Beautifully told about the importance of creativity the two titans Russian Drama Theater, AI Herzen: ′Shchepkin and Mochalov, without a doubt, two of the best artist from all I have seen in the continuation of thirty-five years, and throughout Europe.

Both belong to the hint of the secret forces and the possibility of Russian life, which makes our firm belief in the future of Russia. "