MOISCI ALEXANDER

German actor. Since 1905, the German theater. Famous plays in W. Shakespeare, H. Ibsen, Tolstoy. Toured in Europe and the United States.

The future actor was born on April 1st, 1880 in Trieste, in a family of Albanian merchant Konstantin Moses. In contrast to the majority Albanian race he confessed the Orthodox faith. Sandro′s mother, Amalia, polualbanka, poluitalyanka, was the daughter of writer and doctor.

Desolate, Konstantin Moses, along with a five-year son had gone to Albania. At school the boy studied the Greek and Albanian, Italian forgetting.

In 1887, at the insistence of the mother, Sandro returned to Trieste, where further education is already in the Italian language. Amalie Moses decided that his son will be the singer, and in 1898 the young man went to Vienna. But instead he entered the conservatory in the famous Burgtheater in post statistics.

He studied with the greatest masters of the theater. The situation was complicated by the young actor′s lack of knowledge of German language to study which took all of his free time. He was assisted in this Urfus Mary, the first love of Moses. She was older than him for three years.

In spring of 1901 Sandro went to Prague. The German theater in Prague during the two seasons he played a few dozen roles - in the tragedy, comedy, melodrama and even operettas. And he spoke so often that hardly learn to finish the text. Among the major roles: Franz Moor in "Robber" Mortimer in "Mary Stuart" Schiller, in Carlos′ Clavijo "Goethe, Sirano de Bergerac Rostand in the drama.

In spring of 1904 he returned to Berlin and entered the new theater to Max Reinhardt. Then one season passes into predmestny Ostendsky theater. Most of the critics had not taken his style of game. Alarming southern temperament actor, a particular melody of his speech (with all the correct pronunciation of it always remained an Italian melodiousness), unusual shape - a fragile youthful figure, bad pale face with burning eyes. In press to appear biased reviews and offensive paskvili. And it is unlikely that he was able to go through such a test, if not aid Reinhardt. It is not two decades later, he wrote: "If the Lord God is located to the actor, he sends it to Max Reinhardt (to me it was located exactly so). And with such a high recommendation of Max Reinhardt (also familiar with the gods), takes him by the hand and leads on the road leading actor to reveal all its riches.

Photo — «Moisci Alexander»

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Reinhardt, use this feature Moses - true male power in the fragile feminine appearance, he has entrusted the role of young seductive. The beginning of this line of roles was in 1905 when Sandro has played an insidious role of seducer in the play "Der Graf von Charolais" Supreme Shofmana.

Audiences and critics were still not recognized the actor. Ice mistrust was broken in 1906, the execution of the role of Oswald Alvinga in Ibsen drama "Ghost" in which he revealed to him the tragedy of modern man. At the time of writing the play he is born to work on technique.

In the article "whether the actor is lying?" He argues that for many years of his life (article published in 1927) he had never studied "submit", but did not study to represent an "other person". That is, he never wanted to be an actor reincarnation, but not school boards submission. Speaking actor confirms the well-known Austrian playwright Hugo von Gofmanstal: "Moses - this is such a great actor identity, which is unlikely to have anyone else. It does not belong to the artists, whose power is reincarnation. Just the opposite: its strength lies in its pure and gentle expression of his own life. "

Hard work he has done a brilliant actor technology. Continuous training of body allowed him to achieve almost musical plasticity. He managed to develop his voice and, over the years has become a deep, rich shades, with a unique melody of Italian and their native language.

Speaking in a wide variety of plays, he did not attempt to allocate the national character traits. His hero was always a tragic hero in modern Europe.

For Osvaldo followed Hamlet (1909). The delicate, and youthful, with huge sad eyes - there was such a hero of Shakespeare′s tragedy staged by Reinhardt.

Over the years the image of Hamlet performed by Moses evolved. Initially, it was a gentle, sensitive young man, and thus revealed the secret of facing double murder of his father. Over time, Danish became the prince pravdoiskatelem, mind doiskivavshimsya come to the causes of his grief.

In 1909, he fell in love with a 25-year-old actress, Johann Tervin, high, elegant brunette. Quite a long time he managed to hide his new passion of Mary Urfus. But in 1910, when Tervin moved to Berlin, all opened. As a result he was forced to marry his old mistress, who was pregnant.

Photo — «Moisci Alexander»

Feeling mortal weariness broke with him in that time in the scenic way - in the role of Faust. Very young, he was exhausted passions Faust "The role of Faust, the scientist he performs well - wrote critic Jacobson. - His eyes are burning from the sleepless nights, this man fidget easily imagine a German medieval alchemists, though of Italian origin. But Faust-lover as if he was not interested. His Faust is like away from all otvlekshis and thinking. "

Be a lover he is tired, tired of playing the love and live love. And so it appears in the image of the Marquis poses in shillerovskom "Donje Carlos. " For the first time Sandro has played no lover, a man who loves a man - a support of peace.

In early 1911, he composed Reinhardt troupe went on tour to St. Petersburg. In a faraway Russia, he made a play on the play Gofmanstalya "Oedipus the King. "

Oedipus at Moses became a Christian interpretation of pagan legends. His suffering Oedipus the king - almost Christ - expiate the sins of all and all saved. As in the Christian legend, the king was certainly condemned to suffering and change was not in force.

Success in this role, he was so great that the actor has finally been realized the magnitude and specificity of their own talent.

In Petersburg, he received the news of the death of his father, and on the same day - a message of the birth a daughter, Beata. Now, when a daughter was born in the bosom of the family ", that is a protected name of Moses, Mary Urfus gave him freedom.

After the Russian triumphs Moses back seat premiere troupe. His beset crush on you, it peremanivayut in other theaters, he receives royalties fantastic, he rejoice in the cafe "Vestens" refuge Berlin Bohemia. Society is looking for a refined actor, poet and Gofmanstal "sick genius" Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter, always on the verge of a nervous breakdown. There he buys the Munch paintings, generously throwing them huge sums. From Gofmanstalem he reads and listens to poetry, walking in the suburbs of Berlin, Vienna remembers.

At the same time he begins to film. "Black Law", "Ole Brandesa Eyes," "The Last Day of Pompeii" - typical for that time melodrama, kostyumno historical tragedy. Moses fascinated mimic the game. He frantically goggle, beat their breasts, pictures otshatyvaetsya desperately cock hands.

Photo — «Moisci Alexander»

In addition, he tries himself as a teacher - in acting school, open Urfus. She lives in the same building where the school, and was frequently visited by Sandro daughter Beata.

Regular rhythm of life in breach of Reinhardt, he gave a landmark role - Fedor Protasov to "live body" Tolstoy.

In the interpretation of Moses Fedir least a Russian gentleman, his Protassov, first and foremost - a man with sublime, subtle soul experiencing tremendous tragedy.

And he felt in Tolstoy, many, too close to him as an artist and as a person. It is therefore no coincidence that in all reynhardtovskih performances of works of Tolstoy, he played a major role: Protassov ( "living corpse"), Nikita ( "The Power of Darkness"), Saryntsov ( "The light shines in the darkness"), Прохожий ( From all the quality "). . .

August 11, 1914 he went to the front of volunteers. "The objectives of Germany now - he wrote in a letter dated 28 August 1914 - to fight for the idea of humanity and order . . . "

By becoming a pilot, he continued to serve in the troupe Reinhardt, just moved from Berlin to Kiel, where the actors played the national classical repertoire: "Vallenshteyna" Schiller, "Minnu background Barnhelm" Lessing. In the same Kiel, he filmed a movie.

During the summer of 1915 began the first flights of the nature of intelligence have been so successful that he received the Iron Cross second class. However, the July 8, he lands in the fortunes of the French.

Moses worked at a Belgian military factories, then fled, was captured, imprisoned in the camp. They broke out of his old disease, tuberculosis.

Sandro was sent to Switzerland, to the camp, located in a mountain village Aroza. Moses shelters nearly two years, gave him Aroza healing - physical and spiritual. Already in the autumn of 1916, he was free to travel to Switzerland, from amateur and professional troupes in Bern, Zurich, Basel.

After returning from captivity, July 24, 1917 he gave the first presentation in Munich. "Great actor, and courageous soldiers returned", - rejoiced local newspaper. At first he played in the performances of old Reinhardt. Then added another four new roles: Danton in the same play Byuhnera, Saryntsov and Nikita plays in Tolstoy, Sheylok in Shakespeare′s tragedy.

Photo — «Moisci Alexander»

In 1919, he divorced Mary Urfus, married Johann and, for example Reinhardt, moved to Vienna, in the suburb where I bought a small house.

January 31, 1921 he left the theater Reinhardt and became a touring actor, that is, the actor, who either recruits a troupe for a performance or angazhiruetsya to play in someone else′s company.

Began his touring epic. Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, England, the USSR, the New World . . . He has collected the full room and did a good charge. "Life for me - he said - is a journey. I gypsies by nature. Any sedentarization and any property that led to the pale, alien to me. Month in one place - it has a lot to me. I am happy to live in hotels. Today here, tomorrow there. The more changes the better. You can do a minimum of luggage. All my belongings fit in an old suitcase. You can not become a slave of evil home. " He had no close friends - were friends, whom he loved and who loved him.

In the play by Hauptmann he played the ancient Aztec emperor Montezuma. Oscar Fontana wrote about the play: ". . . Moiseivsky Aztec shaken when he cried upon learning of the betrayal, when in a religious ecstasy, served their ritual dance. The real King in front of those who, in fact, born a slave, that′s who he was, and the cry of a human being, who tortured, sounded again and again with weeping and complaining, as if he wanted to bring them to the throne of God. "

Like Reinhardt, he was the artist a wide range. A list of the roles played by them is truly enormous. And in any role, either Faust or Mephistopheles, Romeo, or jester to King Lira, Marquis pose in Donje Carlos or Iharev of players Gogolya actor could raise problems related to his age.

Otello at Moses did not want to kill Desdemona, he loved her and to forgive, but he had to kill her - these are practices the country, and killing her, and he killed himself. The very same character was a naive and pure creature. "Moses - Robert Musil wrote, - playing what Flaubert called Africa . . . uzkoplechy Otello with thick lips, a monkey on his forehead where the stigma of innocence burned stronger than that of any European . . . It was the irresistible force, which Nietzsche calls the dry, hot music . . . "

In 1924 th and 1925 th he toured in the Soviet Union, Scandinavian countries, in Cuba.

Photo — «Moisci Alexander»

In 1927, he acted with "Hamlet" and a "living corpse" in Paris. The tour lasted just one week, but attracted the attention of the French press.

Overwhelming success in the United States waited for Moses. He arrived there in the composition of the troupe Reinhardt, as one of its stars. The tour began in November 1927 and lasted four months. Moses was busy in the four performances.

In October next year, the risk of an actor to visit America without Reinhardt, with his own troupe. He also shot in Hollywood in the movie "The Royal Box" on the play by Dumas son "Kin, or genius, and besputstvo.

In the late 1920′s he tirelessly traveled to Europe, itself a permanent route by which he travels every summer: Vienna, Bucharest, Budapest, Zagreb, Prague. Only at the end of the season, autumn - Berlin, where he released a disc with a recording of a monologue from "Faust. "

In 1932, the actor fell ill. Onset of insomnia, exhausting, Many. No sleeping pills did not help: he lost weight, osunulsya, sgorbilsya. He lay down for a month in a sanatorium - in Grunewald, near Berlin. His drug-treated: first pantoponom, then morphemes. After leaving the sanatorium, he has not to part with this drug. In Grunewald he recovered, even popolnel. From this completeness, it is no longer free. And wakeful sight, past and aspirations for the other person, too, will it now forever.

Not gain in Vienna, he went to Italy. He was accompanied by a young lass - quiet and gentle Hilda Wagener, Burgtheater actress, famous Viennese Juliet.

In Italy he has received from the authorities a grant of five hundred thousand lire, and gathered around a troupe of actors of the highest class. The company had a traditional Italian vagabond status of the theater and traveled to cities throughout the country. Moses has played a movie role in Lorenzachcho kostyumno-historical film Lorenzachcho de Medici (1934).

The fate of the actor he measured a short time. Moses died in Vienna at the dawn of March 22, 1935. A week later, he would have fifty-six years.

The body of Alexander (Sandro), he was burned, and the urn with the ashes of Johann brought to Switzerland in Morkote town on the shores of Lake Lugano, where he commanded to bury themselves.