MOZZHUKHIN IVAN I.

Russian actor. Since 1920 worked in France. Appeared in films: "Kean," "The late Mathias Pascal," "The Queen of Spades," "Father Sergius," "flaming Fire," "Lion Mogul," "Casanova", etc.

Ivan Illich was born in Penza Mozzhukhin September 26, 1889 in a family of rich peasant-landowner Ilya Ivanovich Mozzhukhina. From his early years with Ivan demonstrated acting talent. In amateur play, he has successfully played the role Hlestakova.

At the insistence of parents Mozzhukhin in 1906 joined the law faculty of Moscow University, but after the first year the company signed a contract with the actor and entrepreneur P. Zarechnoye. The parents begged him to return to university, my father in despair predrek rebellious son later repentance, but Ivan was relentless. The passion for the stage peresilila otchemu attachment to home and family.

Acting, he studied at the tour, which played mainly on the stage of provincial theaters. At the same time had his acquaintance with her sister Zarechnoye O. Telegin (stage Bronitskoy) and the birth of his son Alexander.

In early 1908 Mozzhukhin received a contract in Moscow, the troupe Vvedensky popular at home, although in the summer, he continued touring with the troupe Zarechnoye. At the beginning of his theatrical career in the capital to create more Mozzhukhin images peers. However, the young actor wanted to stage diversity, and in his repertoire appeared typical role: irresistible Babaev landlord in the comedy Ostrovskiy, a pathetic piece of Basil Vinnikova "Mohnonogoe. Mozzhukhin enjoyed much success in the role of Count of Clermont in the play Andreeva L. King, Law and Liberty ", has played in the Moscow Dramatic Theater, where he was invited in autumn 1914.

In August 1916 he had acted on the same stage with such celebrities as N. Radin, E. Polevitskaya, M. Blumenthal, Tamarin, I. Duwa-sides. A year later, Ivan left the theater with his partner, and soon his wife, actress Natalia Lysenko. He decided to link their fate with the film, which debuted in 1909.

Filmmaking has become for him not just a profession. "This is my blood, nerves, hopes, failures, excitement . . . Millions of tiny kadrikov make up the tape of my soul "- he said later. Endowed by nature a brilliant artistic intuition, which is largely replace it by a school, the actor immediately felt a principled difference between playing in the cinema and theater. He tried to understand the laws kinoyazyka, his main artistic principles "based on" the inner expression, a partner at hypnosis, on the pause, the hint of concern and psychological omission.

Photo — «Mozzhukhin Ivan I.»

" "Cast a sincere, inspired to think that he could say . . . fire during the filming - writing Mozzhukhin - and he had every muscle, question or complaint of one eye . . . open to the public canvases his soul, and it . . . understand it without a single word, without a caption. "

Mozzhukhin began his career in studio A. Hanzhonkova. The flowering of his art came at a time when the film industry, he said, is dominated by "nervous, frank cruelty to complex drama, but often the central character was the hero of" sadistically with a subtle sensuality. " It was in this role Mozzhukhin knew his first screen success: the hero of the film "Living Death" (1914) killed his beloved, that embalmed the corpse and to preserve its imperishable beauty. Despite the apparent pathology image Mozzhukhin played his character with genuine drama and for the first time demonstrated the remarkable ability of the screen to cry "tears of the present. "

He has extensive acting range. The culture of scenic transformation Mozzhukhin brought from the theater. Already in the first movie directed by P. Chardynina "At trippingly place" (1911) and "Snohach" (1912) clearly exude his desire and taste to create an external image, role. The real success was the role of Isaac, a young Jew in the band "Woe unto Sarah" (1913).

In those same years, created a shiny Mozzhukhin the external expression of fantastic images and fairytale characters in the movies B. Starevicha: Devil in the Nights Before Christmas "(1913), Koldun in" terrible revenge "(1913), Ruslan in and Ruslana Ludmila "(1915). Masterfully working with makeup, Mozzhukhin however, used for transformation, not only external means. For a small popular-science film "drunkenness and its consequences", he specifically examined the medical literature to reproduce the true picture on the screen madness, coming as a result of alcoholism. Great sense of humor, and innate elegance, lightness, flexibility and ensures the success of comedies.

A special place in the works of Russian classics takes Mozzhukhina. In 1913 he withdrew from Chardynina in the screening of Pushkin "House in Kolomna. Thanks to a brilliant actor to play the dual role - Gusar and cook Mavrushi - this film is recognized as one of the best early screen version of Pushkin.

Yielded patriotism days of August 1914 on, Ivan Mozzhukhin becomes volnoopredelyayuschimsya. There is a series of postcards favorite audience in uniform.

Photo — «Mozzhukhin Ivan I.»

But the actor′s health failed and he returned to the set.

In 1915, Mozzhukhin - the brightest star of Russian cinema. He goes on to Hanzhonkova Ermolevu, who offered him a generous fee, interesting role, working with "actor′s director" Ya. A. Protazanovym.

The Queen of Spades (1916) was among the masterpieces of early Russian kinoklassiki thanks largely to a talented and serious work Mozzhukhina. Two years later he reached outstanding success in the movie "Father Sergius by Tolstoy novel. Actors managed as closely as possible to the intent of the writer and to create a very complex, consisting of three consecutive transformation: first, a young officer, then tormented monk suffering and, finally, dying old man. The role of Prince Kasatskogo performed Mozzhukhina and the whole picture in general, to evaluate the leading film critics, among the highest achievements of the world to the screen.

In Mozzhukhina artistic nature, his temperament, physical appearance was a lot of romantic Russian actor, tragedian. That is why the dramatic role takes up more space in his works of those years: the poet ( "poor", 1916), the prosecutor in the same film, a pastor ( "Satan is exultant, 1917) and many others. Power of his talent Mozzhukhin often raised false false melodramatic plots to a level of genuine human tragedy. These roles have brought him tremendous success in cinema. At home Mozzhukhin dropped more than 70 films, before the night of February 3, 1920 emigrated to Constantinople. "He left the country almost the entire film factory Ermoleva: Mozzhukhin, Protazanov, Doshakov, Managing Popov, Vermel etc. , - the newspaper reported.

After a short time the group moved to France in place Montreuil-sur-Bois, where the settled Russian kinofabrika ′Association I. Ermoleva. A little later, Ermolov and French businessman of Russian origin A. Kamenka organize "Sosayt Albatross" - the studio, which is inextricably linked Mozzhukhin in 1920.

"When I arrived in France - remembered an actor - I did not believe in themselves as a great actor . . . The day after his arrival in Marseilles, I went to watch French film. This was the "Carnival truths M. L. Erbe . . . I realized that all my knowledge and the theory of nothing. In Russia, cinema shackled theater, here it is free. I decided pereuchivatsya. Russian style of play more valid, and then in Paris, another audience - it must be like. "

Mozzhukhin began with the comedy "painful adventures on his own script.

Photo — «Mozzhukhin Ivan I.»

In the next film - "Child of Carnival" (1921), he acted as writer, director, singer principal role. Lowbrow comic story of foundling had great success with the public and has been enthusiastically adopted by critics.

In 1922, Alexander Volkov in the movie "House of the mysteries of" the French actor shown a surprising ability of viewers to its transformation. In shestiseriynom fighters drama with a very bizarre plot, he created a few tens of diverse images.

But the true triumph came to him in the movie of the same Volkov "Keane" on the play by A. Dumas, where he played a great romantic scenes of the English Edmund Keene. In this role, incarnate the genius of two actors: the identity of one another inspired game. Mozzhukhin not played, and dissolved in this way. "Thin alchemist of passion and suffering . . . Ivan Magnificent, blinded by the arts and his shining vision is . . . untold, "- wrote the French Film scholar and critic Rene Zhann.

Here is how to measure mozzhuhinskogo Keene poet Alexander Vertinsky: "I will never forget that experience, which left me in his role. He played it perfectly. And it suited him, as none of the roles. He just played himself - his life. And in fact he was Kinom. The life of a genius and a gay actor in detail resembled his own. "

That role enabled Mozzhukhin enter the number of stars in the world of your screen and enhance its reputation not only in Europe but in America. Mozzhukhin wanted to establish the author′s film, see the "perfectly executed his idea. " Ivan Illich dreamed of a special "film, literature. "noticed the people their true face and move on-screen farce of life, mixed with the intimate drama" - that was his goal, a goal he had set himself, to implement the script, shot, and called "Fire blazing. " Being not only the author, but the leading role Mozzhukhin created extraordinary work in which a dream mixed with yavyu and whimsically intertwines fantasy with reality. In directing techniques, styles, installation clearly followed the influence of French kinoavangarda, German expressionism.

A mass audience the film has caused a mixed assessment, but the critic characterized it as a kinoshedevrov. One of the recognized leaders of the French cinema, Jean Renoir, while a young artist, ceramist, was so shocked by the tape Mozzhukhina that decided to abandon their craft and engage in film.

In 1924, the scenario was Mozzhukhina film "Lion Mogul, where he was glittering in the role of Raja Singa-Roundgito.

Photo — «Mozzhukhin Ivan I.»

The film has developed against the backdrop of the exotic East, and in Paris, which allowed Mozzhukhin demonstrate their wide range of dramatic and remarkable physical data. His credibility was at that time so great that the presence of the director, Jean Epstein on shooting virtually reduced to a minimum.

Mozzhukhin literally stunned the French audience, playing in screening novel L. Pirandello "late Mathias Pascal (1925). He brilliantly introduced the main character in two hypostasis, depicting two totally different nature, which merge together in the finale. "I first trusted art dumbness because he served two great artists: Ivan Mozzhukhin and Marseilles L′Erbe" - wrote Pirandello.

Already on the slope of life, in 1970, worshiping L′Erbe Russian actor recalled: "Mozzhukhin here was incomparable, he was transferred from the brilliance of this comedy to high drama pathetics. You had to have a real talent to be so easily move from one genre to another, from laughter to tears. When the audience saw him on screen, she could not feel his similarities with the two actors - Charlie Chaplin and John Barrimorom, but this time was only about one Ivan, a genius with the two individuals. "

In 1926, the actor shot in the film "Michael strictly" based on the novel by Jules Verne. This adventure film was incredible audiences and commercial success, which has been continued and is embodied in the role of Casanova in the same film Volkova (1927). Triumph Mozzhukhina in these sensational pictures drew the attention of Hollywood producer Charles Lemks, which entered into lucrative contract with the artist.

In 1928, Mozzhukhin went to Hollywood. His move to America has been dictated not only by considerations of material nature. Passionate admirer of Charlie Chaplin′s talent, Mozzhukhin watched with interest the development of American cinema. However, staying in Hollywood turned into bitter disappointment. Actors had to move the plastic surgery to remedy the "berzherakovskogo" nose, get a nickname Maskin . . . But Mozzhukhin was not able to change your inner world. Snyavshis in only one movie "Capitulation," and not having lived years rastorgnuv lucrative contracts Mozzhukhin back to Europe.

For several years he was filmed at the studio of the IRA in Germany. Movies Secret Courier "," President "," The adjutant of the king, " White Devil "and the other to some extent have been variations on the themes of his previous works.

Photo — «Mozzhukhin Ivan I.»

Returning to Paris in the early thirties, Mozzhukhin vainly tried to regain its previous success in re-productions: "Adventures of Casanova," "Child of the carnival. "

The sound has become an insurmountable obstacle to the king of silent screen. Mozzhukhin hampered by insufficient knowledge of French language, a strong foreign accent. His first sound film, entitled "Nothing" in which he played a small role and had to say a few replicas, turned to him and the last.

Despite the apparent setback, Mozzhukhin trying to find a way out of directing. "The great Russian actor Ivan Mozzhukhin going to shoot the film speaks French," - under this heading throws the newspaper Paris-Soir "March 22, 1936 placed a great interview with the" unforgettable Kinom "with" brilliant Casanova. "

But those plans did not come true. Recent years have been difficult times in the life of Ivan Ilyich. The broad nature, Mozzhukhin related to money is extremely easy. According to his close knowing his A. Vertinsky, "the whole gang buddies and foreign people living and kutili at his expense. As a frequent binge he paid for all. The money went, but they came new. He lived mostly in hotels . . . and was present and unrecoverable Bohemia . . . "Among other things Mozzhukhin was constantly helping virtually contain older brother Alexander, a talented singer with a chamber failed career.

Not quite, and the personal life of an actor. With actress N. Lysenko, who for many years was not only his wife but also the right partner and has shared with him the success of his best films, it is to part in 1927. Unstable and was a second marriage with Agnes Swede Peterson. The last girlfriend was the French actress of Russian descent Tania Fedor (Fedorov). The experience of recent years, due to forced creativity down lightly related to health have contributed to the rapid development of the disease. In autumn 1938, Mozzhukhin felt bad. The stay in the sanatorium had nothing to help him, and on 17 January 1939 in a clinic in Neuilly, he died of galloping consumption. Ivan Illich Mozzhukhin is buried at the Russian cemetery in Sainte-Genevieve-de-Bois.