|
The largest English Renaissance actor, a friend and ally of Shakespeare. The first singer of such roles as: Hamlet, Richard III, Lear, Heinrich V, Otello, Romeo, Macbeth, etc.
Richard Berbedzh was born in 1567 in London, in a theatrical family. His father, James Berbedzh built the first theater building in London, organized and led the acting troupes. Short-tempered, unscrupulous means, as talk of family biographer Berbedzh he bribe his unstinting dedication to the theater and have done much to develop and improve the English scene. Sons, James went in the footsteps of his father: Cuthbert was antreprenerskoy work, and Richard chose the actors career.
Richard began to speak with a childhood in the company of his father, and later toured with the troupe, Lord Strendzha in the province. By 1594 Berbedzh, won a high reputation in the theatrical world of London and the love of the audience becomes premier troupes "Comedianta Lord Chamberlain," to which Shakespeare belonged, and. Richard was a prime opponent of another large company, Lord Admiral Edward Allen.
Since 1594 the troupe Lord Chamberlain has played in most theaters of London, in Nyuingtone, "Theater", the temple Berbedzhey - father and son in "Kerteyne. In April 1597 the lease expired on the land on which the "Theater" and Dzhils Olden, the owner refused to renew the contract.
December 28 Berbedzhi brothers with their mother, accompanied by a small group of armed sword - there are only twelve - are sent to a "theater" and begin to dismantle the building, which belongs to them. Olden unsuccessfully trying to resist it. However, construction of the theater is still carried across the frozen Thames River on the south side. Here Berbedzhi build a new theater "Globe." The plays that Shakespeare wrote, now that should not only meet the demands of the public, but also help the new theater to withstand competition from adjacent theaters. "Julius Caesar, As You Like It," "Hamlet," "Twelfth Night" was designed to entrap the viewer in the "Globe".
Richard and Cuthbert Berbedzhi tend to address the increasing number of owners of a new theater "Globe", has just built in the vicinity of the caller Theater Comedianta Lord Admiral, about 40 meters away from the theater "Rose". Cuthbert and Richard reserve half of the building (they do not own the land, which had rented for thirty years). The other half of the building is divided into five equal shares. Among the major shareholders and was Shakespeare, which is probably connected with the great friendship tragedian Richard Berbedzhem. Playwright leave it as a bequest of money to buy ring in memory of him.
Berbedzh received major role directly from the hands of Shakespeare (biographer reported that in the play "Hamlet" playwright played ghost of Hamlet′s father). Knowing, for whom he wrote the role, Shakespeare "adjust" the age of his characters so that it complies with years Berbedzha.
In summer, the troupe gave performances in the "Globe", and in winter - in the theater "Blekfrayers. Berbedzh played a major role not only in the plays of Shakespeare, but in the tragedies of John Webster and Thomas Kidal, in the comedies of Ben Johnson and the other plays in modern drama.
In 1603 the company moved to Berbedzh King. The more an actor husband, the older were the heroes of Shakespeare. After thirty years Berbedzh played Otello, Macbeth, Coriolanus, Antony, Prospero ( "Storm"), as well as the role of Lyra, who, it must be said, not for years vigorously.
 |
On gifts Berbedzha indicates that it was not only a great actor, but also a good painter. John Davis in the poem "microcosm" (1603) wrote that he likes and respects actors′ one, because they are able to draw well, the other for their poetry. " In the poem fields marked against this place. Here are the initials: WS and RB, which is clearly meant by William Shakespeare - an actor who wrote good poetry, and Richard Berbedzha - actor, umevshego good draw. In another poem "The Civil War between the death and destiny" (1605) he again writes about actors, which he describes as a mirror, because, despite how they play their roles, people can see in the mirror, its vices. But there are other actors, looking at where we can see no flaws, and human dignity. That places the poem in the margin once again delivered the same initials: WS and R.B.
Known case where Shakespeare worked and Berbedzh one - his poetic imagination, the second - the ability of the artist. Prominent grandee Francis Manners Count Retlend ordered Shakespeare Berbedzhu and make it the emblem, the necessary line for participation in the joust. These tournaments arranged at the court of the King. Then, loved all kinds of allegorical and symbolic images. Shakespeare and how can Berbedzh tried. Graf generous pay them. In his books consumables manager wrote: "On 31 March (1613). M-ru Shakespeare for the gold emblem for milord - 44 shillings. Richard Berbedzhu for drawing and coloring it with gold - 44 shillings. Total 4 pounds 8 shillings. "
This emblem friends already painted when Shakespeare ceased to play in the theater. But his dealings with the company continued, and did not stop the friendship with Richard Berbedzhem, a man who shared with Shakespeare successes borne by striking dramatic images created by them jointly. Berbedzhu attributed to the so-called "Chandossky" portrait of Shakespeare.
For information about how Richard played Shakespearean roles, hardly survived. It is, however, that it looks attractive Hamlet wore a beard and was dressed in the fashion of the time, he turned to the audience as interlocutors believed them their secret thoughts and doubts. It seems that in those years when Berbedzh began to play Hamlet, from his youth and harmony there is no trace, because, as the Queen Gertrude, Prince tuchen and odyshliv.
The most famous actor, the role of theater historians believe Richard III, Shakespeare′s villain, with diabolical eloquence and remarkable gift for acting. Artist should convey irony of Richard III in a conversation with the guards, factitious simplicity in a friendly dialogue with Clarence, pathetic eloquence in the seduction scene with Lady Anne′s tomb of King Henry.
Before we reached the following amusing story. When Berbedzh played Richard III, one townswoman both suffered from the feelings which she felt to him that before leaving the theater, appointed him to visit at night, saying that he announced himself by the name of Richard III. Podslushav end of the conversation, Shakespeare came to visit earlier Berbedzha, was adopted. When announced the arrival of Richard III, Shakespeare, laughed, ordered to answer that William Conqueror came before Richard.
The composition of the troupe has changed, the actors move from one line to another. Berbedzh first played young heroes, then - the heroes who have reached adulthood, and finally appeared in the roles of older people.
Richard shared the triumphs and the other actors of the troupe.
 |
"He was delightful Proteus, - writes Flekno on Berbedzhe. - He was in the role of reincarnate and come to the theater, as if dumped her body along with her dress. He ceased to be himself until the very end of the play, even while behind the scenes. Between him and our ordinary actors was the same difference as between the singer of ballads, it barely proiznosyaschim, and an excellent singer, aware of the attractive and able to change and modulate their voices, until what you need to breath for pronouncing each syllable. He had all these excellent speakers, animates every word, made him, but his speech - the movement. Listened to him mesmerize them as he spoke, and regretted when he smolkal. But in the latter case, it does remain an excellent actor, and never went out of his role, even if the end to say, but all his views, and gestures all the time kept at a height of performance. "
Characteristics Berbedzha - the main document for discussion on the actor′s performance in the era of Shakespeare. It shows that Berbedzh excited the audience a sense of vitality all happening on stage. This is confirmed by the elegy on the death of Berbedzha, which the author wrote: "Often I saw him when he jumped into the grave, taking the face of man, distracted from the love. And I was ready to swear that he was indeed going to die in the tomb. Often, I saw how he was only playing on the stage, so surely depicted the life that amazed the audience and (surrounding) retinue seemed regretful that he had actually died, although he only squeeze bleed. "
Audience "Globe" and other British theater, where the spoken Berbedzh who conquers his temperamental game: they sometimes identify the actor and his role. There is a curious anecdote to confirm this. Local resident, showing the historic battlefield of Bosuortom, where Richard III was defeated and killed, explained to his audience: "Here Berbedzh ran on the field and shouted:" Horse, horse! All kingdom for a horse! "
The great actor died 13 March, 1619 in London. In Elegy, dedicated to his memory, that should therefore cease to write a tragedy, because no one will be able to play the role of the tragic heroes, as they played Berbedzh. He created a world of living people mentioned in the elegy, and his death had died "Prince Hamlet is young, the old man Hierominate, and Lear, and the unfortunate Moor, and many others." This was, of course, a poetic exaggeration, but nevertheless is an excellent time for the English Renaissance theater ended with the departure from the scene Berbedzha and his peers.
Richard Berbedzha glory, great in life, became legendary after his death. Actor magnified English Rostsiem, Garrigue Elizavetinskaya scene. His name as a symbol of all the most sophisticated in the art of acting is often mentioned in English literature - in poems, madrigalah, comedies, novels.
. American actress. Filmed in the movies: "Early fame" (Oscar), "Little Women," "The Philadelphia Story", "Woman of the Year", "Guess who comes to dinner?" (Bonus " Oscar ")," Lion in Winter "(Oscar)," On Golden pond "(Oscar) and other theatrical roles: Antiopa (voitelnitsy husband), Tracy Lord (" The Philadelphia Story "), etc. |
 Italian film actress. Filmed in the movies: "Gold of Naples", "Chochara" (Oscar), "Boccaccio 70", "Затворники Altony," "Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", "Marriage in Italian" ;, "Sunflowers," "Pret-a-porter", etc. |
 French actor. Appeared in films: "Razin," "Big Walk", "Little bather," gendarme of the Saint-Tropez "," Fantomas "," man-band ", etc. |
 Actor of Belgian origin. Real name - Van Varenberg. He made his debut in the film "Street of the barbarians" (1983). Starred in the films "Bloodsport" (1988), "Black Eagle" (1988), "Cyborg" (1989), "Lionheart" (1990), "Double Impact" (1991), "Universal Soldiers "(1992)," Nowhere to Run "(1993)," Hard Target "(1993)," Timecop "(1994)," Street Fighter "(1994) and others in the films" Lionheart " and "Double Impact" was co-author of the script. |
 French actress. Filmed in the movies: "And God created woman", "Babetta goes to war," "Rest Soldier", "Truth," "Parisian," Despite, " Shalako, " Boulevard of Roma " and others |
 Italian actor. Appeared in the movies: "White Nights", "Sweet Life", "8 1 / 2", "Divorce in Italian", "City of Women," "Ginger and Fred," "Interview" "black eyes", etc. He was awarded the Prize for Creativity, Felix (1988). |
 French actor and film. Roles in Theater: Michelle ( "terrible parent"), Nero ( "Britannica"), Lear (King Lear), and others appeared in films: "Eternal return", "Beauty and the Beast," " , Orpheus "," Captain Frakass, " The Count of Monte Cristo, " Iron Mask "," hunchback "," Fantomas ", etc. |
 German actress. Filmed in the movies: the trilogy "Sissi", "Christine," "Boccaccio 70", "Process", "Ludwig", "Train", "The main thing - love," "old gun" "Cesar and Rosalie," "Woman in the Window," "Simple Story", "Live coverage of the death, etc. |
 Swedish writer. Author of novels for children, "Pippi Longstocking - Long Stocking" (1945-1952), "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the Roof" (1955-1968), "Rasmus-bum" (1956), "The Brothers Lionheart" (1979), "Ronia, the Robber′s Daughter" (1981), etc. |
 American actor. Appeared in films: "From now and for ever", "tattooed rose," "Sweet smell of success", "Elmer Gentri, the Nuremberg process," "Amateur birds from Alkatrasa", "Leopard," " ; Train "," Professionals "," Family Portrait in the interior, " Twentieth Century "," Atlantic City "," skin ", etc. |
 English actor. Acted in films: "The Lion in Winter," "Hamlet," "Elephant Man", "Charing Cross Road, 84", "Silence of the Lambs," "Kingdom of Shadows," "Nixon", " , Amistad, " Remains of the Day, " Hannibal ", etc. |
 American actor. Acted in films: A Streetcar Named Desire, " Viva Zapata! "," Savage, " In Port "(Oscar)," Pursuit, " Candy, " Queimado, " The Godfather "(Oscar)," Last Tango in Paris "," Superman, " Apocalypse Now "," Don Juan de Marco ", etc. |
 American actress. Filmed in the movies: "Cat on a hot roof, Baterfild, 8" (Oscar), "Cleopatra", "Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" (Oscar), " The Taming of the Shrew ", etc. |
 In July 1859 the Swiss physician A. Dunant was present at the battlefield in the village of Solferino in Lombardy. He was a kind and sentimental, and therefore suffering injuries caused in him a burning desire to help the suffering. But as A. Dunant was still a practical man, he decided to found a world organization to provide medical care to the wounded and the victims of earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters. |
 American actor. Appeared in films: "Graduate," "Midnight Cowboy," "Little big man", "straw dogs", "Lenny", "marathon runner", "Kramer v. Kramer" (Oscar ), "Tutsi", "Rain Man" (Oscar), "American Buffalo," "Sphere," "red herring", etc. |
CMS "SOT" v.1.11.15 |