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English actor. The representative of the English stage of romanticism. Glorified in W. Shakespeare plays (Hamlet, Otello, Sheylok, Macbeth, Lear, Richard III), as Overricha ( "A new way to pay old debts"). The English critic considered the best game Keene comment to Shakespeare.
Edmund Kean was born in 1787 in London. His grandfather was an actor and playwright. His mother, Ann Curry, played at the provincial theaters and penny sale petty haberdashery and cosmetics. His father, also Edmund Kean, was a pantomime, possessed oratorical gift was architecture. But unfortunately, this talented man has died at the age of 23 years, when his son was a few months.
Edmund brought up the older brother Moses Kean′s father, a gifted actor-simulator. Noticing the boy′s extraordinary abilities, he began to prepare him for the profession of actor. But Moses Kean died when Edmund was still a child. The boy was taken to his friend Moses - Tidsvell, actress Theater Druri-Lane. " She has received permission to visit Papua New Guinea Kina backstage theater during performances. Edmund sometimes appeared on stage as Cupid, cupids ...
Tidsvell much involved with the young actor diction and declamation. Under her leadership, he took some of the tragic repertoire. At the request of the actress Kinu lesson well-known dancer d′Egvil, swordsman, Angelo, a popular singer Inkledon.
In twelve years of age Edmund became a stroller - acrobat, tsirkachom, street Comedianta. Once, during a circus show, performing sophisticated acrobatic number, he broke both legs and almost remained lame for life. Thus ended his acrobatic "career."
Upon his return to London he settled in a small theater "Sedlers Wells." After its season, Kean in 1803 moved to New York theater. He gained some fame, and, as a "wonder child", was invited to Windsor Castle to play in front of King George III.
"What you need to become a famous actor?" - once asked Keene. "Being able to starve!" - he answered. In the provincial wanderings Edmund learned the most terrible aspects of life, but as an actor was a good school. He had to act together with the largest of the tragic actress Sarah Siddons England (1807). He played with it in the tragedies Kongriva "grieving fiancee and responds Save Venice."
Within a few years changed a lot of Kean theaters all over the country, including Ireland and Scotland. After he married Anna, born in Waterford, wandered with him and his family. For food and accommodation to an inn had to pay improvised concerts. But faith in his talent did not leave Keene. He played dozens of roles - in the "low" comedy, farce, pantomime and Harlequinade, in the "high", "classic" tragedy of old English plays and Shakespeare plays. Keen to "wander for hours in the fields and roads, and thinking hard about their roles. At the moment it could not achieve any of the words ... He served as the office "- then remembered his wife. Edmund studied languages (Latin, Greek, Italian, Welsh and even the Portuguese), history, science, geography, made extracts from Plutarch, Cicero, Newton. Playwright Sheridan Noels told later that he saw the actor in hundreds of pages of extracts from critical works on Shakespeare.
At the end of 1811 Kean reached London, but his theatrical wardrobe is almost nothing left - everything was sold on the road. By this time they had with Anna, it was already two sons. Kinu, however, managed to sign a contract with the theater in Veymaute, but the financial situation did not improve. His wife, the mother wrote: "... frustration, full of despair ... only, as I pray - it is about death, death for themselves and their babies. "
Finally Keane has been invited to the famous theater Druri-Lane. " However, before leaving for London the actor had suffered a terrible shock: the death of beloved elder son.
Debut in "Druri Lane" was held on January 26, 1814. Kean insisted on the production of a Venetian merchant "of Shakespeare. However, in the theater for the play did not prepare, predrekaya him fail. The point is that Edmund was a small growth. And even when he was a "first" British stage actor, the main drawback of most critics felt the absence of his "magnificent" figures and "noble posture." Nevertheless, the actor was confident of his power. His image Sheyloka appear before an audience full of energy, like vyhvachennym of life. They were shocked by the depth of the feelings with which Kean says replicas and monologues Sheyloka, was struck by their great mimic scenes debutant, who later became a feature of his acting style. Not hiding ill selfishness merchant, he shows his humanity, trampled and mutilated by centuries of harassment and persecution of its people.
After the first performance Keene acknowledged the greatest actor in England.
February 12, was shown "Richard III". The actor was getting ready to play hard and are very worried. He fell ill, his voice hripel but to cancel the premiere, he′s still not decided. A great effort will Kean made a play performance, after which he opened with hemoptysis.
However, the role of Richard III has become one of the most popular in the repertoire of the actor. Kean gave soft and smiling villainy, showing his hero smart, courageous, irresistibly charming, especially in the scene with Lady Anna. Richard evoked not only a sense of disgust, and surprise, mixed with admiration.
The success of the play was great. On the pages of newspapers Keene called the first tragic actor in England. After it became aware of his illness, there were notes, which stated that Keene was interested in the health of the entire United Kingdom because it is the national genius.
His game was all carefully worked out, completed, subject to a single thought. We know that sometimes it counts, even the number of steps that should have been done, vybegaya on the scene. Keen to know what will be done in an episode, down to the smallest of movements, gestures, voice intonations, and this did not prevent him to play light inspiration, which gave his performance a real vitality.
The actor is deeply vzhyvaju in images created by them, their thoughts and feelings become so close to him that he would not have been specially prepared for the next play - it is easily included in the role. The strong performance is reflected in Kinom his favorite roles of Hamlet and the character, which he first played in London on 12 March and 5 May, 1814.
The combination of fine mind with a mental softness was a characteristic feature of Hamlet - Keene. The main color that the actor drew the image of Hamlet was sadness pervading all the substance of the young prince.
In love Otello - Desdemona to Keene opened the best features of the Moor - its wholeness, purity, faith in people. The collapse of love meant offensive darkness and chaos. The decision of the individual scenes were often very bold, unexpected. For example, when the poison of jealousy began to penetrate into the heart of Otello, Keen suddenly clasp his hands his head as if wanted to keep the dizziness, has turned its back on the visual room and stood in a deep stupor. This episode always makes a striking impression, causing warm sympathy for the character.
In the reviews, it was emphasized that the execution Kinom the role of Otello yavilo an example of the highest take-off of artistic genius. The strength of the impact of his game was so great that the audience ceased to notice the other actors, giving all their affection Kinu. The role of Otello is considered the best of his role.
Two days later he played the same role Яго tragedy. In the treatment of Keene Яго a villain with a nice speech and open expression of those soldiers and secular people. Only one left, he dropped the mask.
The first season in London, Kean finished the execution of hypocrites Lucas in melodrama Bergs "Wealth" (remake Messindzhera comedy "Lady of the City"). Thin theater connoisseur, the poet John Keats wrote: "... no doubt the ability to dissect fleeting movements of passion ... is the means by which Keane is great expressiveness. He has always given entire nahlynuvshemu his feelings, without thinking about anything extraneous. Kean also deeply feels like Vordsvort, or someone else from our minds monopoly ... "
Kean then turned to "Macbeth" by Shakespeare. Keane refused to traditional Macbeth-villain. In his hero combined courage and hesitation, ambition and humility, disregard for the future and the fear of him. Kean showed what a great inner struggle with himself ruled Macbeth. Therefore, in the finale, when the payoff, the audience had not only a sense of satisfaction from the fact that the offender is punished, but also pity him as a man who lacked the will power to stop time and do not bring the crime.
For a romantic art was characterized by roughness Keene execution. He has always identified as the culmination pieces, which would be highlighted as the main features of the hero. This feature of the game allowed Keene English poet Kolridzhu note: "Watch a game that Keene is still read Shakespeare with the glare of the lightning."
Remembering the great creation of Keene in Shakespeare′s tragedy, the German romantic poet G.
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Kean became famous. He made gifts and manifest every hospitality. His wife, Anna insisted that he withdrew the posh mansion, hired servants, she liked to hold receptions, dinners, musical evenings, feeling among his aristocrats.
Kean also met with old friends. He helped the poor, often performed in a theater for the actors and the entire provincial teams. In mid-1815 Kean created in London club of friends called "Wolves", access to the nobility which had been closed. "Each" wolf ", - said Kean, - pursued unfairly or unjustly injured, with heart, full of challenge, I must say myself:" I will go to his brothers. Among them I find ears to listen to my sad story, and his hands, ready to protect me. " Meetings of the Club occurred in the evening for dinner. There were endless debates about current events in England, of Napoleon, the attitude of the British, etc.
A month after the premiere of "Macbeth" Keane has played the role of Romeo and played it, there is general agreement that failed. At the same time with great success play "Richard III" by Shakespeare. The actor created the image of the King of extraordinary faith, the human mind and charm, tragic fall which was perceived as a misfortune to the whole country.
January 12, 1816 Kean appeared before the public in the form of "cruel vampire" Sir Dzhaylsa Overricha in a comedy Messindzhera "A new way to pay old debts." His interpretation of the role of the beginning of a new stage tradition.
Sir Overrich on Keene thought was an unusually wily, cruel and evil man who has achieved wealth and power, not brezguya any means. His distinguished by dodgy intelligence, courage and breadth. Overrich grew into a tragic image of man, brought pride to death.
The emotional impact of the actor to play the audience in the finale, when the lame Overrich mad, reached a power that, in the auditorium were fainting, while Byron was a nervous fit.
In 1817, the Times called Keene most "humane" actor in England. The newspaper wrote that all played roles, he reveals the subtle physical movements of its characters, revealing all the "human", incorporated in this work of art.
In season 1819/20 the year before going to America again Keane shook spectators, for the first time on the London stage play "King Lear" by Shakespeare. Throughout the performance the actor is subtly revealed the psychological reasons behind the actions Lear shows how resentment born of the injured father, regardless of how it will break it from the depths of his heart at the stage of the curse, as amended and then his feelings in the scene with Reganoy : sorrow, tenderness, suspicion shift in ironic sarcasm, anger. Especially the scene managed to Kinu curses, madness and the final tragedy in which all power was manifested in his temperament ...
In early October 1820 on the ship "Martha" Keane went on tour in America. In New York, his performances were of great interest, tickets raskupalis instantly. Critics of highly valued skills of the English actor. Popularity Keene was so great that he was going to extend the tour for another year. But the unfortunate incident has changed his plans. In Boston Kean came on hot summer days, when the audience has not been to theater. The actor did not knew about it, refused to speak to the half-room. Scandal broke out. Keene was charged with contempt of the public. In response to malicious attacks, he suspended the tour and returned to England.
In mid-November 1821 Kean resumed performances in London. The performances were a huge success. But each statement Edmund significant cost forces. He bought in a remote corner of Scotland, a small plot of land and started building houses, dreaming that it would be able to relax in privacy. However, in the beginning of 1825 had taken a terrible scandal.
January 17, Edmund Kean was summoned as a defendant in court. The plaintiff - a member of the city council in London, and partner "Druri-Lane Albert Cox - actor accused of adultery with his wife Charlotte. Edmund was really passionately in love with this woman. He was little bit of whimsy, making it expensive gifts. Shortly before trial, the relationship between Edmund and Charlotte deteriorated. The facts of the case showed that wife Cox acted as planned, which was pulled from the Keene more money. Nevertheless, the jury accepted the defendant guilty and awarded it to a fine.
Against Keene was a real chase. Newspapers demanded that he, as a violator of public morality, was declared "out of society."
24 January, that is, on the tenth day following the end of the process, a performance of "Richard III". The audience was divided into enemies and friends of Papua New Guinea Kina. In the audience was unbelievable noise, shouting, whistling. Not one word the actors were not heard. And so - until the very end of the submission.
The blow followed blow. From Keene left a wife, taking his son. She did not request a divorce, but now lived separately from her husband.
Although outwardly Kean continued to smile hardness, internally it has been broken. The passion for alcohol entirely captured them. He has ceased to control himself, and, after being stopped demonstrating against him, Kean continued to the end of each performance to speak in public speeches against his enemies. This makes it somewhat ridiculous in the eyes of viewers, but he had not noticed.
In September 1825 Kean went to America, left, as his attorney Siegel wrote in a letter to Mary Kean, "broken-hearted, morally devastated and depressed."
But in America most of the newspapers called for a boycott actor or organization to the obstruction, if the tour will take place. In New York and Philadelphia, Kean has played relatively quietly. But in Boston to show his participation was foiled.
Actor courageously continued to tour. The newspapers began to appear review, which noted that the genius of Keene shine all its colors.
At the end of touring English actor, played in Montreal and Quebec City. In Canada, it met with applause, arranged in his honor receptions and banquets. Keene called the greatest actor of our time, the first in the world. This trip was for him a short sabbath of constant tension, which he then was.
In early 1827, after more than a year-long break, were once again declared his performances on the stage "Druri-Lane." Spectators enthusiastically met the actor. In the days when he played, in front of the theater once again gathered crowds, trying to see his favorite.
Kean rarely appeared on stage. One show a week, sometimes two. He almost never left the hotel where he lived, most of the time spent in bed to recover it needs for the next presentation. In forty years it was already an old man, but his subtle and multifaceted talent has remained the same as before, is not yielding the destruction. From all of the experience and progressive disease severely damaged memory Keene. He could no longer create new roles and had to play only your old repertoire. The state of complete mental distress becomes for him at that time, more and more ordinary.
In 1828 Edmund Kean announced that this season would be his last, after which he will always leave the theater. He played in London, then went to the province, which gave a series of farewell performances, then moved to Scotland in his house.
In December 1830, recovered slightly, Keane once again played "Druri Lane." Then in the play "Richard III" saw his fine connoisseur of the theater Lee Ghent, named Keene "unquestionably the greatest tragedian, which no one lived in that time, the actors could not match either of the strength and temperament of performance, nor on the depth and maturity thought.
In 1831 Keane has rented "Royal Theater" in the town of Richmond. He played two, sometimes three times a month, and his performances have always gathered a great number of spectators. Kean has been rarely leave the house, in time for the tool, and books. His passion for music manifested itself at that time, particularly severe.
Previously, he had not wanted his son became an actor. But Charles Kean made a success on stage, and became a proud father to them. He helped to teach the role of Charles, especially the role of Shakespeare′s repertoire. By the will of the fate of his latest play - "Otello" - March 25, 1833 Keane played together with her son. He played the role of Otello, and Charles - Яго. Their presentation attracted a huge audience. In words: "over labor Otello" - Edmund Kean collapsed. After three weeks, May 15, 1833, at the age of forty-five years, he died.
Residents of the town did everything it could to the funeral were worthy of Keene. The whole city was behind the coffin, accompanied him as a person, which is akin to and loved.
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