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American actress. Swede by birth. Over 19 years in the film acted in 27 films: "Flesh and the Devil," "The Divine Woman", "Anna Christie", "Queen Christina," "Mata Hari," "Anna Karenina", " Lady with the Camellias "," Ниночка "etc. In 1941, ever left the cinema.
Greta Louisa Gustafson, known under the alias Garbo, was born Sept. 18, 1905. Her father, Carl Alfred, first worked as an assistant butcher, then went yard, and later served in the bakery. In 1896, he married Anne Lovize, give him three children. At the First World War, Carl Alfred was wounded and returned home with a disability pension. Greta loved father read stories and novels, especially his loved Selma Lagerlef. Greta′s sister died from tuberculosis in his youth. Later, her suffering Garbo moved to the screen, removing the "Damé with camellias.
In 1920, Greta settled by a seller in shlyapny largest department store in Stockholm. A year later she took part in advertising cakes, and then in the comedy "Бродяга Peter" (1922), in the small role of one of the daughters of the mayor.
Greta came to school at the Royal Dramatic Theater. Among the testers was a Swedish film director Maurice Stiller. He subsequently invented a future star of the century alias Garbo, ottolknuvshis on behalf of the Norwegian actress operetta Erica Darby.
In 1923, Greta Stiller got a small role in "Saga of Yeste Burling. Premiere of the first series of paintings on 10 March 1924 in Stockholm. The second series was shown a week later. The newspapers wrote that the young Garbo sense of mystery and the eternal feminine, " naturalness and slitnost century with manners. "
In the same year, Stiller went to the film team to Turkey. He was obsessed with making a Garbo a star of world cinema. But first of its затеи nothing came out. On the way back from Istanbul crew stopped in Berlin, and there Stiller persuaded George Pabsta invite Garbo to the role in the film "dull side", which filmed the famous Asta Nielsen. It is in this picture, sketch gloomy postwar society, sensuality Garbo for the first time was embodied in the tselluloidnoy film.
In spring 1925, Louis Meyer, invited Garbo and Stiller in Hollywood. July 6, on Monday, Garbo arrived in New York. She liked to start on Monday, though different lifelong superstition and fear of the thirteenth.
Metro-Goldvin-Mayer "threw them alone in New York, and so continued until fotoseans from Ghent Garbo does not break in the magazine" Veniti Bazaar. " Meyer remembered his purchase. Garbo raised in Hollywood and had a reception worthy of this star.
The results of exploratory surveys have been fantastic. The famous Hollywood director Billy Wilder wrote. "Garbo miracle - a miracle celluloid. In the film her face completely changed, became a star face, where the viewer tries to read all the secrets of the female soul.
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Garbo was an excellent dramatic actress. It could, without any display of emotion. Later, the operator of Daniels (snyavshy 20 of the 24 films Greta), lamenting: "This is my tragedy, that I was not able to withdraw Garbo in color."
The first American picture Greta became mediocre "Flow", released on the screens at Christmas 1925. However, critics noted debutant: "Miss Garbo did not have a perfect beauty, but it is a fantastic actress."
It was a difficult time for Garbo. "I′m afraid of life, I try to get permission to leave home at least for a while, but I was advised not to do so," - wrote to Greta in Sweden.
The next film with the participation of Garbo called "temptress" (1926), and very accurately identified her future roles. Grete was destined to become one of the most famous "fatal women" the American screen. Her performing style rich dramatic shades, psychological, and moving sincerity. The picture began to withdraw Stiller and finishing Fred Niblo.
When she appeared in Hollywood, the men went for it in crowds. The most passionate love affair linked the actress with John Gilbert. By the time the meeting was 29 years old, she was - 22. A romantic collaboration between Garbo and John Gilbert began with the painting "Flesh and the Devil" (1927) and lasted until the emergence of sound cinema. Actors are often seen together, but the wedding did not take place. Garbo fled directly from the crown. Gilbert soon married, but continued to pursue Greta. Of all the films with the participation of Garbo and her lover does not exist, only one - "The Divine Woman" (1928).
Often abandoned the proposed scenario star silent, and she rejected one draft after another, proiznosya to become a famous phrase. "Maybe I go back home."
8 Nov, 1928 died Stiller. Because of the filming in Hollywood Garbo arrived in Stockholm in December. Gone was the glory and has seven films shot in the studio MGM. She visited the grave of Stiplera in the Jewish part of the city cemetery. Greta knew that he loved her, as anyone in the world.
In the meantime, her Hollywood career went rapidly uphill. A huge success had the tape Clarence Brown′s Anna Christie "(1930) on grounds of the Eugene O′Neill drama. Loneliness, frustration, pride of the latter, the human thirst for warmth - it was all close to Garbo. The New York Times called the greatest film in the history of cinema and this success is linked to participation in a Swedish actress.
"Genius Garbo′s combines the purity and mystery, power and tenderness, cruelty, and passion. That is why millions of those who previously did not know the actress, beset cinemas from Paris to Los Angeles to enjoy her art, "- wrote to the American weekly Newsweek.
In the film "Anna Christie" charmed the audience a deep chest voice Scandinavian Garbo.
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With the advent of sound in the range of creative film actress has grown, while the repertoire has changed little. "Roman" (1930), "Inspiration" (1931), "Susan Lenoks, its fall and rise of" (1931), "Mata Hari" (1931), "What do you want me" (1932) -- Greta continued to perform the role of rock enslaver. In one of the few interviews she commented: "I was like a ship without a rudder and wind - frightened, lost and lonely. I′m awkward, shy, afraid, all izdergana, and I am ashamed of my English. That is why I have erected impenetrable wall around themselves and live for it, separate from all over the world. To be a star - no easy matter, requiring a lot of time, and I say this with all seriousness. "
However, it has not been timid young actress, a lamb will yield to the studio bosses. If, on arrival in Hollywood to put $ 600 a week, then after success, endured the painting "Flesh and the Devil", it required the 5 thousand. After a long dispute with the studio Greta Garbo made her and became the highest paid actress in Hollywood. In the 1932-meters, it has insisted on 250 thousand for each movie and a choice of roles and partners.
In 1931, Greta became acquainted with writer Mercedes de Acosta, came to Hollywood to work on the script for Floors Negri. Acosta to make sure that Garbo - extraordinary actress. While Greta did not bother to read the script, she was able to subtly noticed its essence. For example, the host in Sweden, it has never happened in the yard or at the ball, but knew how to play this scene. She never went to the preview.
December 31, 1931 the premiere of the film "Mata Hari". Mercedes de Acosta highlighted the final scene of the shooting: "In the long black cloak, with a smooth zachesannymi back hair, with a tense expression, it [Garbo] has never looked so fine and so tragically."
Acosta shared her observations: "To understand Greta, you have to understand the North. And even if it will hold the remaining years in the southern climates, you still remain severyankoy, with the characteristic of the North sobriety of mind and closed. To understand it, you need to truly understand the wind, rain, Ugryumov, the low sky. It was created from these elements, in direct and figurative sense. In this incarnation, it was his until his death left "a child of Vikings," which does not rest the dream of snow. "
Mercedes has been known for her lesbian tendencies. In 1960, she published the memoirs, which were the words "How can I describe these six weeks, carried out in the mountains with Greta? Only six weeks, but they matter more than the whole life. " Garbo scared blew up at the girlfriend and more than ever it had not been met. Acosta publishers offered to publish their correspondence, but it nobly rejected the offer and delivered a letter to the storage.
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In April 1932 the first theater in Astoria the premiere of the film "Grand Hotel." After "Anna Christie" Garbo view in this picture of her best work. The famous producer Tällberg wrote: "I love her tired, sad face, her extraordinary vitality and ability to be on the screen is not only unfortunate but also a happy woman." Tron "Queen of the screen" belonged to her undividedly.
During the economic crisis Garbo lost all their savings and had to save just trifles. That was when she moved to the Mercedes.
The film "If you want me" (1931) - creative success Garbo. Her biggest recognize actress century, compared to Sarah Bernhardt and Eleonora Duse. Reviewers Grete devoted front pages of magazines and newspapers, her picture on the covers of magazines, cards with her image came out great numbers.
Greta went to New York and then to Sweden. This was the first of her famous trip home.
Garbo regularly invited to all sorts of tricks, but she preferred solitude. Some called it "mysterious lady", while others - "sphinxes". Talula Benkhed noticed that mystique Greta "dense as London fog." Sometimes Garbo bezotchetnoy capable of fun and a few moments to become the soul of the company.
Her name was surrounded by legends. One of the stories almost every biographer actress. Rich farmers, some Edgar Donne, constantly wrote her letters, came to Hollywood to see her, but nothing came out. In 1936 he wrote a will: "My land, my possession, all of my state bequeathed Grete Louise Gustafson, star cinema, known worldwide as Greta Garbo and more than anybody." Ten years later he died. He was about 70. His lawyers tried to contact the actress, after five months they have received from the short letter that she accepts the inheritance, but requests that it be in the Mercy Foundation. Remember man named Donne who wrote her letters, she could not write to her millions. Subsequently, the Fund sold the mercy of the fantastic for the money: in the land of oil has been ...
The film, Garbo escape from the shackles of the fatal temptress image, known as the "Queen Christina" (1933). In the men′s suits actress was almost more appealing than in the women′s dress.
In late 1935, Garbo again turned to the classics. "Anna Karenina" has allowed it all to show his brilliance talent tragic actress. 77-year-old King Gustav V of Sweden said after viewing the pictures: Garbo - a genius. "
Hungarian cinema Bela Balazs, analyzing the origins of her fame, observed: "... it has to its popular beauty ... But the beauty of Garbo, not only in harmony lines, not just ornamentation. In the beauty of Greta Garbo is a state of mind. Mimicry Greta Garbo has changed during the game. She laughs and sad, surprised and angry as her role requires. And its appearance: it is the Queen, the squalid prostitute.
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The peak period of fascination tragedy was destined to become a Dame of Camellias (Camille) (1937). During the execution of the main roles in this movie, the actress received the award of Swedish King and the New York film critics.
"Of course, it is sensual woman, and if you want, it will stop at nothing - if you put an eye on the man, lure him to his bed, then put the door for unnecessary - but his sensibility, she has always set apart for the camera" , - said director of "Camille" Kyukor.
The complex relationship Garbo connected with the conductor Leopold Stokowski. He was older than her 23 years. "Runoff" (the title of his Garbo) accompanied her on shooting the film "Winning" (1937), in which the actress played the role of Mary Walewski. Garbo thought this mediocre picture. It really was a failure, but failure of the film - not Garbo Crowds still coveted by seeing the "face-century."
After a divorce in December 1937 Stokowski first went to Italy. STOKI and Garbo met in a joint journey of several months, then stayed for a while in Sweden, Garbo estate. All offers to marry, it would meet the waiver. "Funny to think that I can go with someone to the altar" - the actress said to journalists. Friends Greta explains: "Stokowski - my friend." And they are gone: Garbo adored her settled in Switzerland, Stokowski left in the United States and soon married a young Gloria Vanderbilt, heiress of millions.
In October 1938, Garbo returned to America, and in November next to the screens came out comedy "Ниночка" in which she performed the role of the Soviet stewardess caught in Paris. Mercedes de Acosta dosadovala awful that the film studio "MGM has not previously been able to recognize the gift of comic actress. Garbo was a different partner Claire.
The last work was the Garbo film "two-faced woman" (1941). She served impassioned modern dance, swim in the pool, cross-country skiing, and shown the body, but it does not save a picture from the failure to hire. The failure of the film coincided with the death of the mother.
Subsequent projects Garbo remained unfulfilled. And once the plan in 1949 Walter Vangera draw Garbo on the primary role in screening novel Balzac "The Duchess de Lanzhe" failed, she finally decided to leave the cinema.
"I′m tired of Hollywood, had never loved his work, - admitted the actress. - There were days when I just forced ourselves to go to the studio. In fact, I shot even longer than planned. Stop me before did not allow a contract. Because I never felt this actress. I am often invited to speak at Broadway. But the very idea that I will be watching thousands of eyes, lead me in horror. "
Famous, rich, independent, she could do all that is wanted.
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Sometimes it was met with Prince Zigvardom, Baron Rothschild, Eric Goldschmidt, Winston Churchill. But she lived alone. In the winter - in New York, the East Side and in autumn - in Switzerland, in place Klesters. The closest friend was the wife of the son of Swedish King Kerstin Bernadotte.
Among Friends Garbo was Cecil Biton - a famous photographer, created in 1950 a series of фотопортретов. Poignancy of this connection that Cecil was gay. When Biton was careless about his relationship with the actress, she break with him once, and Acosta. But with Bitonom before his death, she did try to reconcile.
At the turn of 1940′s Garbo closely associated with Valentina Sanina known owner of famous house models "Valentine." Her husband, George Shlee played a huge role in the life of Garbo. Over the past two years, Greta enjoys his position.
Garbo traveled, it happened in Europe, Asia and Africa. A long time after the war, Garbo lived in Europe and only in September 1953, returned to New York. In her travels accompanied George Shlee. Formally, while her husband Valentin, he rarely left Garbo. After the death of Shlee in 1964, the actress has received a bequest of all his great state, including the shares of the paper industry, at home in Italy and southern France. Capital Garbo continued to grow, even beyond her will.
Greta loved walking, but on the streets it is rarely recognized. Reading a little, give preference to television. At the end of life often watched movies with her participation, but talked about himself in third person: "It was good ..."
In 1987, Greta Garbo stopped to leave the apartment. In 1988, underwent heart. Since 1989 the first three times a week dialysis was subjected to.
She died 15 April 1990 at a private clinic, located not far from home. Her care was also in its style. Farewell to her memorial service, no one spoke. Half a year later after the death of her niece, heiress of great condition, arranged for the auction: selling collection of paintings and personal belongings of the actress ...
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