GASSMAN Vittorio

Italian actor and film. Among the stage roles: Keane (Keane, or the genius and besputstvo), Hamlet ( "Hamlet"), Orest (Orest) and others appeared in the movies: "Bitter Rice", "trip to Rome" ;, "monster", "Overtaking", "criminals, as always, remained unknown," "Scent of a woman", etc.

Vittorio Gassman was born Sept. 1, 1921 in Genoa. He received an excellent education. But already in the school Vittorio passion for theater. Gassman entered the Roman Academy of Dramatic Art, based critic and renowned theatrical figure Silvio D′Amiko. It was here that he emerged as an actor romantic style.

In 1943, Vittorio began to play on the professional stage. After five years of theater-way roads will lead his troupe of Luchino Visconti. Gassman successfully played leading roles in his productions of "Tram" Desire "," Orest ". Vittorio help a newbie actor Marcello Mastroianni, which then it will be inextricably linked friendship.

In postwar Italy Gassman took the first tragedian. Two significant role defined appearance Gassmana as dramatic actor - in the play "Kin, or genius, and besputstvo" Alexandre Dumas, son, and "Hamlet" by Shakespeare. Since the famous English tragedian Vittorio Kinom sometimes identify themselves, finding life in Keene and its creative destiny of many parallels. In 1957, Gassman film this play in the handling of Jean-Paul Sartre, and, of course, himself performed the main role.

Hamlet Gassman played in an organized his company with the name of the National Theater (since 1952 - "Theater of Italian Art"). The second organizer and director of the theater was Luigi Skvartsina. Delivered in 1950 and Gassmanom Skvartsinoy "Hamlet" has long been the most popular show. How to write criticism, "Hamlet" - "is this" miracle "eclecticism, where it is clear to read a quote from Craig and Stanislavsky in which Freudian motifs mixed with the motives of social protest. Gassman has performed a central role in the best tradition of tour performances - so cold and heat effects, which is home to take his acting style. "Since the glory of Hamlet actor became sizes, usually characteristic of the glory of a movie star. Gassman was the first theatrical actor, created the" image ". whoever is playing Gassman - Hamlet, Keene, Romeo, Otello, Яго, Oresta - for the audience he remained Gassmanom, cold and beautiful grain of salt. The actor did not hesitate to advertise on television and Scooters, appearing in the picture in the appropriate armor, pronounced the words: "In the theater, I - in Hamlet, in life - on scooters" ;.

Successfully evolved his career in the film. "Latin lover", a brilliant secular handsome, insidious tempter, flippant, slightly cynical, and does full of charm - these are roles, which succeeded Gassman.

The first major role - the thief and murderer - Gassman received from De Santis in "Gorky Rice" (1949). The film had artistic and commercial success, but I Gassmana critics wrote that he had "no place". For the place it was, it was generally felt that where they could enjoy.

Viewers saw Gassmana-handsome in the movie "Rhapsody" (1953), where he was shot in the duet with Elizabeth Taylor, and "War and Peace" (1956), where the actor played Anatole Kuragino.

Italian fans nicknamed Gassmana "matador" - the so-called topic, which he did in the late 1950 - early 1960′s on television.

Photo: "GASSMAN Vittorio"

Vittorio, not only criticized the Italian mores, but also laugh at himself - balovnem success, the audience favorite.

"Matador" is a comedy and set Dino Rizi, which then for years to come would involve the fate of Gassmana-actor. Vittorio has created the image, not only for his former theatrical works, but also opened new vistas for him in the film and even in the works. He showed the "average" of Italians in the unequal struggle with the difficulties of life. The figure was comical and pathetic.

On the television he had to leave soon, as well as an skit Gassmanu banned, ridiculed Akille Lauro - the mayor of Naples, the richest owner, member of parliament and leader of monarchical party. Gassman said that his legs would no longer be on TV ... thought and added: At least in the next two years.

After the scandal with "Matador" Gassman starts ambitious enterprise - is organizing "Teatro popolare Italiano (Italian national theater). The theater was designed as a mobile, with its own portable room-big top, "to bring real art to where it normally can not see." Only with a trip to distant outskirts of the matter is not gone: the expensive theater, big top was built with too much scope, it was difficult to collect and dismantle. So the routes "mobile theater" Gassmana little different from the ordinary roads of traveling troupes.

Gassman put here and played the classic romantic tragedy of Italian Alessandro Mandzoni "Adelki" which was a huge success. Nemenshim successfully used the "King Oedipus" Sophocles. And then the failure: "Martian in Rome" - a political satire Ennio Flayano where Gassman played a Martian, clean and guilelessly as Voltairian Candid. The failure of this Gassmanu allowed to demonstrate their talent publicist and polemicist: he had to go into battle against all critics of his performance, leaving unanswered, no negative feedback.

In 1961, Italy celebrated 25 anniversary of the death of the largest Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello. In his "Teatro popolare" Gassman has one of the best and most difficult plays Pirandello "Today we improviziruem. In order by the author of "improvisation" he modernize the play as if it was a parody of Pirandello, and the very Gassman stated that his goal - to make the scandal "of all this rhetoric of the Jubilee." Critics have condemned the show. The public also enjoyed the performance. Gassman has introduced a "discussion of directors, presented in a number of cartoons L. Visconti, J.-L. Barro, Orson Uellesa and others. Noise was a lot of ... Since then, Gassman long big theatrical endeavors shall be continuing, only from time to time to speak with a performance of "Game of heroes."

"Italian People′s Theater" existed for only two years. It is not without benefits sold its big top in Egypt. Later Gassman will create a theater studio.

In the early to mid-1960′s Vitorrio Gassman has found his true place in the cinema. These were years of blossoming "Comedy in Italian," a sort of genre, where funny and bitterly so inseparable and so vzaimopronikaemy that this genre should be called tragicomedy.

In the satirical film "The Trip to Rome" (1962) Luigi Komenchini - one of the first antifascist bands in the genre of comedy - Gassman debunk the myth about the circumstances of the seizure of power by Mussolini and is doing so with determination and sarcasm.

In a satirical play by Federico Dzardi "Trombone" Gassman played multiple roles in the farce deliberate and fair manner.

Photo: "GASSMAN Vittorio"

Dino Rizi Gassmanu invited to repeat this experience in a movie in the company with a remarkable comic Hugo Tonyatstsi. In the movie "monsters" (1963) Vittorio has created a cascade of parody, satirical and grotesque figures, including himself in his previous roles mushy lovers, as well as toothless police, doctor and ... literary lady, on which depends the awarding of any prizes.

But the pinnacle of creativity actor in the 1960′s is the role of Bruno in the film "Overtaking" (1962), in which the partner Gassmana (the film is built on the contrast of two characters), was a young Jean-Louis Trentinyan. Bruno - a typical Roman bacchanal, cheeky and charming, passionate, and vulgar, which, it seemed there was nothing sacred. But the charm of Bruno - Gassmana too obviously and largely based on such terms, which are the reverse side of its deficiencies - the optimism, vitality, sociable. For this role Gassman has been awarded a "Silver Ribbon".

After overtaking ′popularity has increased enormously actor - and character Gassmana "went into the series."

Has been fruitful collaboration with other masters of comedy - Mario Monichelli, which together with Gassman Mastroianni took off in a very funny social comedy "intruder, as always, remain unknown" (1958) (another prize "Silver Ribbon"), the Anti-War the film "Great War" (1959), where he created a comic and at the same time, the heroic image of the soldier, Giovanni, in the two national-historical comedy, with elements of the anti-fascist satire - "Army Brankaleone" (1965) and "Brankaleone in cross tours "(1970) (award for her role in the ICF in San Sebastian)," The new monster "(1978)," Hotel Room "(1980)," Pluto "(1987).

Fans Gassmana-tragedian could not forgive his involvement in dozens of frivolous, mischievous, if not vulgar, kinokomedy in which an actor to have a "salted" the text added by the dialog itself purely Roman, not always decorous jokes, sdabrivaya their respective expressive gestures. The press began a campaign against him, he has not called the "matador" and "Prince-filth" (a reminder of the role of Prince Hamlet). Harsh criticism of his promiscuity in the choice of roles in movies, dies in the performance, vulgarity. Gassman acknowledged that sometimes went on the assignment of commercial kinozrelischu, tried to light the success and promised half-poluserezno "correct". Indeed, several established bands soon, although it too was a comedy, completely rehabilitated it.

In 1970, Gassman again returns to his favorite hero, Kinu, speaking as a playwright has. He writes an interesting piece on the kinetic and self-image "or Caesar, or no one", which had great success on the Italian scene. Criticism does not skimp on the praise Gassmanu-playwright, Luigi Pirandello following manner, and developing his favorite motifs (the face and mask, and life stage).

In 1974 he released another film Gassmana and Rizi. In the comedy in Italian, "Scent of Women" Vittorio has created a remarkable image of man, gradually aware emptiness and futility of the old life. His hero, Captain Fausto, now seven years as a blind, but still is "the great seducer, lover of beautiful women, whose charms he determines to smell. Yet Fausto refuses to love a beautiful woman Sarah. For this role Gassman received the award at the Cannes Film Festival.

Another picture of his involvement - "We loved each other" (1975) directed by Ettore Skole got one of the major prizes at international film festivals in Moscow.

Photo: "GASSMAN Vittorio"

Gassman plays a former partisan of Gianni, who is becoming a major construction boss. For the charming good looks, pleasant-mannered Gianni hide unscrupulousness, bezdushie, cynicism. He brings his wife to suicide, leaving him not only the old friends, but also their own children ... The actor managed to find a sharp paint, painting a portrait of his hero.

An extension of the painting "We both love each other" becomes "Terrace", which Ettore Scola shot in 1979. And this time the partner was Gassmana S. Sandrelli.

The film-parable Valerio Dzurlini "Tharthar Desert" (1976) Gassman appeared in the form of an abandoned fortress garrison commander - tired, frustrated, the only sensible and prudent person in mind losing reached psychotic military officers, his subordinates.

Vittorio Gassman - Italian celebrity "number one" in all senses. He and philosophical poetry reciter of modern poets in the plates, and party conferences, rallies and demonstrations, the author of the polemical articles, chronicles the secular character, with a beautiful photo.

A huge success in the U.S. was waiting for his painting "Marriage" (1978) Robert Oltmena.

And then juicy comedy characters in the film "Queue" (1980) - screen novella by Luigi Pirandello, in a hotel room "(1980) (with Monica Witt), and many other comedies.

Gassman was very ironichen, even to himself. When asked to describe himself, he answered terse: "Actor. In the truest sense of the word. My whole life is connected with this profession. If we talk about the positive qualities: functional and maybe even a good professional. Negative qualities: not that robok, but did not venture. "

In the 1980′s it was not just a movie, but increasingly serves as a director. Gassman was the cameraman and co-authored the script of film "from father to son" (1983), together with K. Tutstsi shot "another enigma" ( "The development of the plot") (1986). Italian actors invited into their films great directors: A. Renee (Living - novel, 1983), K. Zanussi ( "The power of evil" ( "Paradigm"), 1985), E. Scola ( "Family" , 1986), F. de Broca ( "Thousand and One Nights", 1990). Fellini once said about him: "German prince with wistful smile prisoner."

Vittorio Gassman was the passionate man, not only on screen but in real life. He had four children by four women (three of them the actor was married). The list of his love interests opens Nora Ricci, followed by Shelley Winters, Anna Maria Ferrero, Annette Stroyberg, Juliet Meyniel and completes Diletta D′Andrea. Gassman justified: "In my opinion, I′m just not very constant. But these are by nature most men. I do not think that passion can burn more than a year. Change the home and a wife - is a means of rejuvenation. Have you every time there is the illusion that you are still young and is still to come. I have nothing to be ashamed of. I have always been honest. Four women gave me children, and all the rest were given either joy or boredom. What I firmly believe, is that never have to delay the novel, when you begin to suffer once-beloved woman. This is a great sin. "

Vittorio has published an excellent book of memoirs. This is the diary of a generation and, moreover, describes the wonderful adventures of a character, draw an unusually compelling portraits of his friends, as anatomical, and psychological.

"is not true that it is cruel and malopriyaten in communion. In the soul of Vittorio very shy, and to hide the shyness, he was sometimes defiant, "- said his friend Mastroianni.

Photo: "GASSMAN Vittorio"

Gassman is very prone to rapid venting of feelings. He confesses: "I am very easily and often cry, and get pleasure from it. Maybe it′s a shame, but tears of soap - all wash off. " Vittorio was honest and merciless to himself. "I′m capable of violence and at the same time powerless." Gassman liked a drink, loved the cheerful company, he did not know the price of money. During the loose Gassman becomes unmanageable: 90 cigarettes per day, 12 servings of whiskey and wine river.

In 1994, Gassman wrote the play "Bogemstvuyuschy. The play was successfully shown at the festival in Stoletto in early July. Director, producer and performer of the main roles - Vittorio Gassman.

In February 1996, together with a prose writer George Soave, he published a book on art.

Gassman is an active participant in the environmental movement "green." For organizing an unauthorized demonstration against the crowded intensive traffic in the resort town of Cortina-d′Ampetstso Gassman with his wife Dilettoy d′Andrea and other activists were even subject to criminal liability.

In 1997, Gassman celebrated its 75 anniversary. In Spain Gassmanu was awarded the prestigious Asturias Prize. Shortly before that, he completed the play "Kean, genuine or false. In this performance, and played his daughter.

Gassman stated that years annealed it. He began to understand and, more importantly, to appreciate much of what was not previously attached significance. True, it has become more sensitive to pain, and often visited his fear: "Thoughts of death permanently poison the existence and at the same time provide an incentive to live a rich and fruitful. Our Creator is clearly a mistake in the calculations: it should have been out to us, at least two hundred and fifty years time. Happiness - is youth. It lasts up to thirty years. I did not know what suffering is, until my father died. After that, I often began to visit such a sense of how melancholy and uncertainty. "

In spring 1999, Gassman has held a farewell performance at the Rome Teatro Sistina, which announced its decision to leave the scene. More than 300 roles played by this 77-year-old actor in the theater and film. For the final evening, he chose the first act of the play Pirandlello Man with flower in the mouth. " He also read the beautiful poetry, a monologue of Hamlet and an excerpt from his and satirical play "Kean, genuine or false. Gassman spoke of their unfulfilled dream: "I′ve never played Chekhov, and very sorry about this ... Memory plays with me now strange things: I remember the last scene of "The Cherry Garden" - the distant sound, which resembles the sound lopnuvshey strings, the sound of which seems to come from the sky. And then comes silence ... In my years, so densely filled with voices and sounds are not enough strikes axes, cut down the garden strikes, marking the end of life. some life. "

The great Italian actor, short-lived after his last performance. Two thousand years it has become the latest ... "I will never agree to watch Shakespeare′s Ofelia, an image which will be presented on the internet, I do not agree with the future, filled with computers - he said shortly before his death. - I hope the theater will return to its roots, that he will regain the courage and madness. "

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