Smoktunovsky Innokenty M.

Russian actor and film. Stage roles: Myshkin (Idiot), Ivan (Ivan), Iudushka Golovlev ( "Lord Golovlevy) Ioannovich Fedor (Fyodor Ioannovich king") and others appeared in films: "Nine days one year, " Hamlet, " Beware of the car, " Tchaikovsky, " Crime and Punishment, " Uncle Vanya, " Daughter, mother, etc.

Innokenty Smoktunovich (Smoktunovsky) was born March 28, 1925 in a village in the north of the Tomsk region. In 1929 the family moved to Krasnoyarsk. His father worked as loader at the port, the mother - at the sausage factory.

Thirst for litsedeystvu manifested in Innokentiy even in childhood. He participated in the school initiative. Later, the actor with a smile, talking about his debut: "... we are prepared Chekhov" offer ", but when we went on stage, I was so frighten, so I did not know what to do with the uncontrollable force, which was at that moment in me to be a ha-ha at the highest score, ha-ha hysterical, fear, mixed, but the room was a ha-ha, together with me. curtain closed. I was immediately driven out ... "When the war began, he was 16 years old. The father went to Front. Innokenty had to work to support the large family: his mother, two brothers and three sisters ... try a few professions studied, even at the projectionist.

In 1943 he entered the Kiev military school, where almost immediately he was sent to the front. Smoktunovich participated in the battle at the Kursk arc forced Dnepr, liberated Kiev. December 3, 1943 in battle of Zhitomir area, Ukraine captured. During the transfer to Germany Smoktunovichu managed to escape and join the guerrillas. And after a while he re-entered the operating forces and came to Berlin. When asked whether he believes in fate, the actor replied: "When I was at the front, next to me fell down and people are dying, but I am alive ... And when I escaped from captivity and perezhidaya day, hiding under a bridge, suddenly I see - straight at me with a German officer parabellumom, on duty at the bridge, but before the eyes upon me, he suddenly slipped and fell, and when it arose, what otryahivayas, passed by and then again began to look to the sides ... "

Back in Krasnoyarsk, Smoktunovich paramedic studied and then worked as loader at the port. For a company with a friend went to enter the theater, studio theater at the Krasnoyarsk Pushkin. To accept them.

Smoktunovich has participated in performances of "Ivan the Terrible," "Cinderella," "Once Upon a Time." Even then it is highly peevish nature. He became increasingly express dissatisfaction with the director, and he eventually drove Smoktunovicha from the theater.

In 1946, the actor went to Norilsk, which started in the theater troupe Second polar drama and musical comedy. Director of Theater invited him to take the nickname Slav, but he refused. Then decided to change the names of only the end - and there Smoktunovsky. After four years of fruitful work he had to leave again, primarily due to the fact that he began severe vitamin deficiency.

Over one year the troupe Daghestanian Russian Drama Theater named after Gorky, as Smoktunovsky himself later wrote in his book "Time of good hope" (1979), he "managed to bake five major roles, not brought to me, however, neither joy, nor a true professional experience, nor even the customary skill seriously examine ways of thought and action. "

In 1952, along with his wife - actress Rima Bykovo he moved to Stalingrad. Again a lot of plays.

Photo: "Smoktunovsky Innokenty M."

Smoktunovsky earned success in performances of "plum" by A. Ostrovsky, and "Big trouble" L. Lang. Both roles are satirical. However, this does not bring him creative satisfaction. Smoktunovsky began to quarrel with his colleagues on the company: "We all have something boring doing. Some theater vulgar stamp ... "Besides his wife, a novel twist with the young actor. Leaving from Stalingrad Theater, after a new scandal Smoktunovsky told colleagues: "If you do not hear about me in five years, will engage in another case."

In January 1955 he arrived in Moscow. Smoktunovsky bypassed seven metropolitan theaters, but everywhere was refused. In threadbare ski suit, he wandered for years Moscow scratch casual earnings in Lenkome, spent the night at the entrances to staircases. And who knows how to forward a fate would be his if he had not met with the wife Sulamifyu which had some connection in the theatrical world. One of her friends was the famous director Leonid Trauberg, through which was able to present Smoktunovsky director Ivan Pyrevu. That, in turn, recommended it in the theater-studio movie actor.

In summer 1955, directed by Mikhail Romm Smoktunovsky invited on an ad hoc role in the movie "Murder on Dante Street." On a plot of his hero, a young physician who collaborated with the Germans, is in the pub and announced that Madeleine Thibault goes son Charles. Take no zaladilas from the beginning. This episode filmed almost the entire shift. Assistant director Romm suggested to replace the bad actor. Romm suddenly cut off: "Stop this rat race! The actor also feels it. He was so impeded. Do you not see how he is talented! Deleted the first time, worried. "

In the same year Smoktunovsky played in the film directed by Alexander Ivanov, "Soldiers" (1957). Here he inherited a small role of a soldier Farber. According to many, even then he showed exceptional talent.

In his role Farber said the director of Leningrad Bolshoi Drama Theater, G. Tovstonogov and was just captivated by the eyes of the actor. In those days in the BDT put "The Idiot" by F. Dostoevsky, and in Smoktunovsky director saw the perfect Prince Myshkin.

Is the role of the actors, just caught in time. Myshkin Smoktunovsky totally out of Dostoyevsky, was a man of the last century, but also fully reflects the needs of the time in the art 1960.

Premiere of "The Idiot" was held at the BDT 31 Dec., 1957. The play had a sensational success. On his impressions actress Alla Demidova says: "When the BDT stage in" The Idiot "came out Smoktunovsky, while stop - stops hall, with bated breath, and here we are, the audience, lived with him in two temporal and spatial dimensions, time, Dostoyevsky and short-term time combined to give us the volume and strength. During one show, we finish to live several lives ... "

In BDT Smoktunovsky was engaged in two performances: "The Kremlin clock (Dzerzhinsky), and Irkutsk History" (Sergei Seregin).

In 1960, Romm has begun work on a film about the nuclear physicist with the working title "365 days". Initially, the role of Elijah Koulikova was adopted actor Yuri Yakovlev. However, prior to the shooting, he had an accident. Mikhail Ilyich began to look the other actor. "I was invited to try, because Romm remember, as I filmed him in a small episode in the film" Murder on the streets of Dante, and he remained in memory, that I - flexible - Smoktunovsky said.

Photo: "Smoktunovsky Innokenty M."

- He gave me a rehearsal and sample, the sample nicker, but said that did not do all that. izbalovannost needed, rest, motsartovsky flight of ideas and confidence. All of this in me, there was no ... Mikhail Ilich said that in this role, he sees polnovatogo rights. Good I fixed - I say. - It is like working with him ... They say experience has taught ... "

The film "Nine Days of One Year" (1962) (the previous name of "365 days" refused) enjoyed great success with the audience. At the film festival in Karlovy Vary, the picture has received the highest award - "Crystal Globe", a Smoktunovsky was prize for the best male role.

The next picture will be a truly epoch-making in the creative biography of the actor. Grigori Kozintsev offered the actor the role of Hamlet, with no samples! In response Smoktunovsky wrote him a letter which acknowledged: "Just do not believe in themselves as in Hamlet. If you can give me that faith, will be very, very grateful ... "

Kozintsev this faith in Smoktunovsky breathed, and in February 1962, work began on the film. Smoktunovsky Hamlet in the first place was a man of kind and forgiving ... The director constantly warned him against too much leniency, recalling gnevnosti, pride of Hamlet.

"And this role was given not only the strength and experience, but also a piece of life - recalled Smoktunovsky. - Give anxious, with heart and soul ... When the film was already shot, it seemed that we could do better, thinner ... "

Smoktunovsky very comfortable with our role: "Yes, it′s a good acting job. Except for some scenes ... And there is simply beautiful: the scene with the flute, for example, or talk with the artists, a meeting with Rosencrantz and Gildenstern. I′m in the role of good plastic, I am very moved. Immediately you can see - it is a flexible person. "

For four years, the film abroad gathered over 20 different awards. In England, the audience found his Hamlet more modern than even Hamlet Laurence Olivier! In 1965, the director of painting and the artist Kosintsev main role actor Smoktunovsky was awarded the Lenin Prize.

In autumn 1964, the actor received an offer from director M. Olshvangera play in the film "At the same planet" the role of Lenin. During the shooting of the picture Smoktunovsky seriously ill (he had found TB-eye) and formed long-term care in hospital. The disease was a consequence of excess, the result kinosemok in the next few years.

At this time, the cost. Smoktunovsky played with Eldar Ryazanov in the comedy "Beware of the car" (1966). On the role Detochkina it did not want to argue. Cinematography Minister Alexander Romanov said: "Smoktunovsky just played Lenin, and now will play a rogue? Do not buy that! "Ryazanov reasonably objected" because we "cheat" a noble, he was a character very positive "and the Minister gave way.

Director and actor was lucky to find a totally original character of the hero. As a result, the picture "Beware of the car" was the comedy decades.

Actor Helen Gorfunkel biographer writes: "In the period from about 1959 to 1966, Smoktunovsky - brilliant Prime kinoekrana. Films with the participation of dozens of awards received at film festivals in different countries, it becomes an international reputation. At home, viewers have chosen the best film of the year. It is like hot cakes among the filmmakers and has very high credibility among fellow artists.

Photo: "Smoktunovsky Innokenty M."

Start to play "under Smoktunovsky, simulating anxious body and soul to the organization and its manner depicting the original rhythmical peculiarity - the rate of lethargy, relaxation movements. There are legends about his life and wanderings. It is believed that he was under the force of any role. In the years around was an atmosphere of full understanding and consent. At every word heard a response. "

In London and Paris for a month Smoktunovsky played 11 performances - and then overdo ill. He left out of work for two years.

In 1968, Smoktunovsky Talankina removed from the role of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky in the same film and Kulidzhanova as porphyria Petrovich in "Crime and Punishment." According to the poll of readers of magazine "Soviet screen" Smoktunovsky was considered the best actor in the year, but at a festival in San Sebastian received the prize for the performance of the main roles in the movie "Tchaikovsky." He created a human complex mental warehouse. He had a glass shower fragility, gentle, not banality adjudicating the nature of feelings, imagination, and bringing suffering and joy ...

In the early 1970′s Smoktunovsky with his family (wife Sulamif M., daughter and son), moved permanently to Moscow. In the capital, he was admitted to the troupe of the State Academic Maly Theater. His first role was the king Fedor Ioannovich in the same tragedy of A. Tolstoy. The premiere performance took place on 23 October 1973. But after two years Smoktunovsky back to Moscow Arts Theater.

On stage he played the famous theater a number of classical roles. This Dorn in The Seagull, "Serebriakov in" Dude will have to jump Vanya, Ivanov in "Ivanov", Iudushka Golovlev in "Lord Golovlevyh.

For Innokenty Mikhailovich Smoktunovsky established fame thin psychological actor. And if for any roles, he departed from this block, the public criticism of him and "does not forgive."

About Smoktunovsky sometimes said that he had lost a set height, was repeated. At these reproaches actor replied as follows: "This is not because I became worse. I do not live because the floor above, I have reflected this life. "

In this difficult time supporting his family and friends. "I love the rest, nature. I love to be with people with whom I merely with whom you can speak and be silent ... I can not relax without a family. The family, by the way - good protection against external attacks. Popularity is often hampered, though, I learned how to treat it with indifference. Charm and softness Myshkin, Detochkina, uncles Wani allowed to think that I am the community, privetliv, open ... But this line of my lyrical hero is said to be a poet. "

After roles in the film Voynitskogo A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky "Uncle Vanya" (1971) to him within the next ten years, never more fall to play the main role.

In those years the account had been an actor in such films, episodes of "Daughter-Mother," "Execution of desires" (both - 1974), "Romance of Valentine," "captivating star of happiness," "target" (all - 1975), "The Legend of Thiele (1977)," Steppe "," On Thursday, more than ever "(both - 1978), etc., but their first episode Smoktunovsky considered a genius (Ivan Petrovich Alexandrov) in "living corpse." It begins with the genius of the episodes are not as small as well as concentrated role.

"In general, random characters Smoktunovsky convex and artistically tangible everywhere, no matter how varied the specific" texts "of films in which they appear - Helen Gorfunkel observed.

Photo: "Smoktunovsky Innokenty M."

- Smoktunovsky noticeable role in the short and sharp, which is connected with his great experience, and with a unique technology - technology in the sense, as can be judged on the artist′s technique, the master of each plot to pay the price. For each case there is a reception that would have given abundantly and give even a tiny role of complete artistic form. "

In the 1980 Smoktunovsky back to the main role. True, these were largely for television: "Little tragedies" Schweitzer (1980), "Late Love" (1983), "Children of the Sun" (1985), "The Heart is not a stone" (1989), "Case Sukhov -Kobylin "(1991; last four films set L. Pchelkin).

Meanwhile, in the early 1990′s Artist of increasingly forced to accept to play a "pass" role. He even appears in the image of the leader of the mafia. Smoktunovsky admitted: "Before I stricter approach to the choice of roles ... And now, I say - I say it with shame - I have managed more. Ask: how much do you pay me for this outrage? "

In 1990 he played in the pictures "Dina" (1990), "Genius," "The Siege of Venice", "Line of Death" (all - 1991), "Killer" (1992), "Wine of the dandelions, I would like in America "(both - 1993). For the role in the film "Ladies′ tailor ′(1991) Smoktunovsky was awarded the prize" Nika "and marked by a diploma at a festival in San Remo. By the time The world was an actor for more than 80 roles in films and on television and over 50 - in the theater.

In the turbulent 1990′s Smoktunovsky not only talked about politics, but also participated in political campaigns. In the memorable night with a third on the fourth of October, he spoke at a rally in Mossovet. Innokenty Mihailovich calls for peace at any price, but not the price of blood. Alas, electrify the crowd, eager to defend democracy, did not want to hear it. It was a liberal speech, civil rights in the illiberal, and is not yet a civilized country. Saying he did not. Smoktunovsky later admitted: "Yes, you know how it went wrong ... I did not say what I wanted: that everything that happens, happened, if possible, not at the cost of human life, because all the same (although perhaps not so often), we should, if possible, to each other and stop do not push to the murder. "

When an interview was asked what role he played particularly roads, the actor replied: "The film is" Daughter-Mother, " Uncle Vanya, " living corpse "(not the whole picture, just my job) - is already thinking of my pieces. I bless them. My only great work - on stage in "The Idiot". It is eternal, legendary: for those visitors saw as they began to tremble. And "Hamlet", though the work reflects the essence of the time ... "

During the summer of 1994 Smoktunovsky worked in the Moscow Arts Theater on the role �рбенина in "Masquerade" by M. Lermontov. The premiere performance was held in the autumn, but the actor did not live up to it: 3 August, he died in a sanatorium near Moscow after another heart attack.

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