HONORS KNIGHT-TAMPLIEROV

In 1099 crusaders took Jerusalem, and Palestine immediately poured a lot of pilgrims rushed to worship the holy places. Twenty years later, in 1119 a small group of knights, led by Hugo de Payenom gave a vow to devote themselves to their protection, which was required to establish a religious organization. Knights brought vows of poverty, chastity and obedience to the Patriarch of Jerusalem Gormondu de Pikini and joined the monks of the Holy Sepulcher, who lived after the manner of St. Augustine. Jerusalem Baldvin King II singled out for his place of residence, not far from where the legend was on the Temple of Solomon. Knights of the Temple of the Lord called him - in Latin "Tamplum Domini", and hence was known as the knights-Templar - tampliery. The full name is the Order - "Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon. "

In the first years of its existence, the Order consisted of only nine knights, so do not attract the attention of either the East or the West. Templar actually lived poorly, as evidenced by one of the first stamps of the Order, which shows two Knights, on a prancing horse. Brotherhood of Knights Templar, was originally created to protect the road on which a pilgrimage from Jaffa to Jerusalem, and until the 1130-ies tampliery did not participate in any battle, no matter how terrible or was a danger. Thus, unlike the knights-gospitalerov responsible for the Holy Land shelters and hospitals, "Poor Knights of Christ and Solomon′s temple" devoted themselves exclusively protect pilgrims. Protection of the conquered land was a difficult case, not enough soldiers to repel the Muslims, that too was talking about the protection of arriving in large numbers of pilgrims. Moreover, during the 9 years since founding the Order of the new members had not been.

At first, the Order tamplierov resembled a private group, united around the count of Champagne, as well as all the nine knights were his vassals. To recognize their fraternity in Europe, the knights of weaponized there mission. King Baldvin II addressed a letter to the abbot Bernard of Klervo that he urged the Roman Pope gonorrhea II to approve the charter for the life and work of the Order tamplierov. For the application of the Order of gift to them of its own statute Pope chose Troyes - Champagne main town. At the Cathedral of Troyes in January 13, 1129 was attended by many fathers of the Holy Church, among whom were Mathieu papal legate, bishop of the Order of St.

Photo — «Honors Knight-tamplierov»

Benedict, a lot of archbishops, bishops and the Abbot.

Abbot Bernard Klervossky was unable to arrive at the Cathedral of Troyes, but he wrote the charter for the Order tamplierov, based on the statute Tsisterianskogo orders, which, in turn repeat the statutory provisions of Benedictine. Abbot Bernard after the Knights Templar, and wrote a treatise "Praise to the new chivalry", which welcomed the "spirit of the monks, warriors-in-arms. " He praised the virtues to the skies tamplierov, announced the goal and ideal of the Order of the embodiment of Christian values.

Templar Order was established as a monastic, rather than a knight′s organization, as the monk felt closer to God before. But the abbot, Bernard was able to justify the activities of knight orders, reconciling it with the military service of God. He stated that the Knights - is God′s host, which differs from the secular knighthood. God′s soldiers are needed, three qualities, quick, sharp-eyed that they are not attacked by surprise, and a willingness to fight.

Knight of the Order under the statute tamplierov - a man who is able to bear arms, hold them and deliver the land from the enemies of Christ. They must be short cut beard and hair, so you can freely look forwards and backwards. Tampliery vest in white garments, which are put on top of knight′s armor, and a white mantle with a hood. These coats, if possible, to all brothers, the Knights in the winter and summer, to be able to recognize all those who spent life in the dark, as their duty - to devote his soul the Creator, while bright and clean life. And anyone who does not belong to the aforementioned Knights of Christ, are not allowed to have a white coat. Only the person who left a world of darkness, to be reconciled with the Creator familiar white clothes, which means clean and perfect chastity - chastity of heart and body health.

Since 1145 the left side of the knights of cloak became decorate eight red cross - the cross of martyrdom and a symbol of struggle for the church. This cross, as a mark of distinction, was granted the Order tamplierov Pope Eugene III, with exclusive rights to its heraldry. In accordance with the vow of poverty is not the knights wore no jewelry, and military equipment have been very modest. The only allowedly a complement to their attire, were sheep, which simultaneously served as bedding for the rest and coat in bad weather.

After the Cathedral of Troyes tampliery left across Europe to enlist in the new Order of Knights and found komandorstva on the continent.

Photo — «Honors Knight-tamplierov»

Abbot Bernard was the hot promoter and promoter tamplierov, called on all influential persons to give them land, property and money, in order to send young people from good families to remove boys from the sinful life for the cloak-and-cross tamplierov. Drive-Knights Templar in Europe had a stunning success: the brothers began to receive land and estates, for the Order to donate gold and silver, the rapidly growing number of soldiers of Christ.

By the end of 1130 fraternity has finally emerged as a military-monastic organization with clear lines of hierarchy. All members of the Order are divided into three categories: brothers, knights, brothers, brothers-chaplains and sergeants (armor), the latter were black or brown coat color. There were also the servants and artisans, and each category of the brothers had their rights and responsibilities. At the head of the Order tamplierov was Grand Master, whose rights were limited to partial orders chapter. In the absence of his Master replaced seneschal - the second officer of the Order. It followed the marshal in charge of all military affairs of the brotherhood, etc. , and the hierarchy of knights-tamplierov totaled up to 30 degrees.

For the initiation of the knights had to be of noble descent, have no debts, not to be married, etc. In the service tamplierov combined strict monastic obedience with the constant risk of injury or death in battle in the Holy Land and the Holy Land, that any earthly expiate sin . Each Knight-tampliera strictly required obedience to the senior, the statute is strictly regulated the duties of a knight and lists the penalties for various kinds of delinquency and deviation from the ascetic way of life. And because the Order was the only report to the Roman Pope, it has its own penalty for misconduct, up to the death penalty. Knights were not able to hunt and play in online gambling, leisure hours, they had to mend his own clothes, and every free minute to pray.

Knight without a permit should not have been removed from the camp more than heard the sound of voice or tone bells. When the case went to the battle, the head of the Order took the banner and allocated 5-10 knights who surrounded him to protect the standards. These knights were rubitsya with the enemy around the flag and did not have the right even for a minute to leave it. The commander was wrapped around the spear, the banner of an emergency, which he develops, with the main banner if something happened. Therefore, he could not make progress in the javelin with a spare flag, even if it was necessary to protect him.

Photo — «Honors Knight-tamplierov»

So far, awarded the banner of, Knight could not leave the battlefield under threat of expulsion from the Order of shame.

Znamia tamplierov was a cloth, the upper part of which was black and the bottom - white. The black part of the flag symbolized the sinful, and white - virginal part of life. It is called "Bo Sun, and at the same time, it was a battle cry tamplierov. Dictionary of Old French language defines the meaning of the word "beausant" as a "dark horse suit with white apples. " The meaning of the word "beau" in our days is usually limited to the concept of "excellent," "beauty", but in the Middle Ages it was a much broader meaning "noble" or even "greatness. " Therefore tamplierov battle cry meaning "To the glory! To the glory. "

Sometimes the banner embroidered orders motto "Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed Nomini Tuo da gloriam" ( "Not to us, O Lord, not us, but for thy name!"). Met tamplierskie banners and in the form of military standards, divided vertically into nine white and black stripes. Presumably in 1148 the battle of Damascus was first deployed standard with a red cross in the center medal.

Following votive poverty, Hugo de Payen all donations and wealth transmitted orders, and all other fraternity followed suit. If re-entering the Order of novice had no assets, it would still be relied "dowry", albeit a very symbolic. Tamplier could not own any money or any other property, even books, trophies, too, were gathered at the disposal of the Order. Orders in the Charter states that the knights should be modest both at home and on the battlefield, and obedience is highly valued among them. They come and go sign a mentor, they put this clothes, which he gives them, and neither of whom the other does not take any clothes or food. They avoid the excesses of that, and in another, and cared only about meeting the modest needs. Vow of poverty followed a very strict, and if tampliera after death still find the money or anything else, it removed from the Order and prohibits burying Christian tradition.

However, after a century after the establishment of the Order of Templar wealth amazing contemporaries. They owned land, houses in towns, fortified castles and manors, a variety of movable property and untold numbers of gold. But until tampliery kopili wealth and bought up land in Europe, the case in Palestine, the Crusaders went from bad to worse, and after the capture of Jerusalem by Sultan Salah al-Din, they had to go from here.

Photo — «Honors Knight-tamplierov»

This loss of Templar took quite easily, because their land holdings in Europe were tremendous, and great wealth. Especially strong were tamplierov in France, as well as a large part of the knights took place among the French nobility. Moreover, by this time they were already so experienced in financial matters, often led by the Treasury in the States.

In France, it would seem nothing has threatened the welfare of the Order, but the time has come to the reign of King Philip IV of beautiful, devoted his entire life to create a united and powerful nation. And his plans do not place the Order tamplierov was in possession of no force nor royal, nor obschetserkovnye laws. Beautiful Philip filed against tamplierov inquisitional inquiry, and 10 months after the beginning of the arrests in Paris, "the recognition of" the knights of the defendants had been collected and sent to the Roman Pope Clement V. The Pope has appointed 15 meetings Ecumenical Council to be held in Vienna to address a number of common issues, discuss plans for a new crusade and to determine the fate of the Order tamplierov.

However, the church members have expressed hesitation, and the Pope Clement V expressed such reluctance, and that five months later, the fate of Templar has not been resolved. The final decision of this matter could lean and to the conviction, and to justify tamplierov, and that Philip really nice could not afford.

Many historians believe that the Pope had been fully conquered the will of the French King, but the study material of the Council shows that the pope can and insist on their - merge-tamplierov knights and knights-ioannitov in the new order. Therefore, Clement V, and did not want unbridled tamplierov Order was fully labeled an as heretical. In early April 1312 the Pope issued another Bull, which dissolve the Order tamplierov without mentioning the charges against him.

Released from prison tampliery to join the Order of ioannitov, but such cases were very few. More than 6 years of continued persecution tamplierov in France. In England and Scotland, as the knights had been warned in time and in the Iberian Peninsula and is justified.