|
From ancient times to the present day one of the symbols of valor and courage is a weapon, so among the prizes for feats of arms premium weapons is one of the most honorable places. In Russia, the award for his service weapon and the king of the Fatherland means only since 1807, but have distinguished themselves in battle Russian soldiers expensive and beautiful weapon bestowed back in the old days. And it happened so long ago that the military scientists and even difficult to answer, but when it happened the first time. Among the first awards are usually called sword V. Shuisky saber DM Pozharsky and saber BM Khitrovo. The bar at the last sword is now housed in the Tsar′s museum, gold pointed remark: "Sovereign Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia Mikhail Fedorovich granted shoyu sword ATTENDANT Bogdan Matveye Khitrovo."
Premium received from the king of arms has always had a good blade (usually damask) and often decorated with precious stones, because it was always coveted. Epee nobleman, received the award in the saber, the Marine officer′s dagger has long been regarded as symbols of honor and dignity. When a Russian officer denied the honor over his head he broke his sword, and with the surrender of the defeated commander handed over the winner of his sword. Admiral A. Kolchak, the youngest commander of the Black Sea Fleet, after the February Revolution, when a Bolshevik propaganda fleet began to collapse, resignation of the commander, threw overboard his gold naval sword and all went ashore.
In Russia the empire officers for military exploits rewarded only white people (ie cold) weapons. New officers of the regular units of the Russian army began to award knives Peter I, and later complained of kings only broadswords, rapiers, sabers (and polusabli), checkers and daggers.
 |
However, the actual premium weapons in Russia appeared only in the XVIII century - in the era of Peter I. It is divided into two categories insignia - premium edged weapons, which were given to military officers of the differences of the regular army and navy, and the premium for the grant of military weapons irregular troops. The second group of award weapons without any special changes lasted until the first quarter of the XIX century.
In June 1720, Prince MM Golitsyn had gained a brilliant naval victory at Grengam. He had 29 boats and 61 against the Swedish galley fleet, joined by another fleet of Vice-Admiral Zeyblata. Prince MM Golitsyn lure the enemy on the rocks and shoals Frisberg harbor and attacked him at the island Grengam. Trophies Russian seamen have become hostile guns with 104 rounds, and were taken prisoners 37 officers and 500 sailors. For this so glorious victory officers were awarded gold medals at the St. Andrew′s tape, the lower ranks - silver medal, while Prince MM Golitsyn was a cane and sword, sprinkled with diamonds.
Until 1788 Award received only generals, swords, and guns have always been decorated with precious stones. In the course of hostilities end of 1780-ies this award started to celebrate and officers, with the only difference being that they had received the sword without expensive jewelry.
 |
In 1774 Empress Catherine II for the differences in military feats introduced the "Golden Arms" with the inscription "For Bravery". The first was awarded this honorary award Marshal Prince AA Prozorovskii, in 1778 Catherine II bestowed the sword GA Potemkin for the battles in Ochakovskoe estuary. State secretary AV Khrapovitsky on this subject wrote in his diary:
"ordered to make a golden platter. In a dish put ornate sword with a laurel wreath and the inscription: "The team Ekaterinoslav land and sea power, like a builder of ships, the successes culminate in an" ... the sword was placed at 21 thousand and meal at 6 thousand. "
To award the officers at the same time make a gold decorations sword, but without the diamonds. In eight of them had been stamped inscription: "For courage, rendered in the battle of July 7, 1778 at the estuary Ochakovskoe, twelve other no date specified. Along with the Award for Excellent weapon in the sea battle was made fourteen "swords of gold with the inscription" For Bravery ".
For the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail, many Russian officers have received awards, including the golden weapons. The generals were awarded a gold sword with diamonds, officers received a sword with the inscription "For Bravery". Sam A. Suvorov, by this time already had two golden swords decorated with diamonds: first he had received on the occasion of the conclusion of peace between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, the second a sword decorated with diamonds and laurel wreaths with the inscription "The winner of the Supreme Vizier" - in 1789 for the victory at River Rymnik.
 |
The last known case of awarding the golden arms belongs to 1796, when the famous army commander, MI Platov was awarded for the Persian campaign golden sword with diamonds "For Courage". The campaign that was interrupted in connection with accession to the throne of Emperor Paul I and change the foreign policy of Russia.
Emperor Paul I abolished the awarding of the golden arms with the inscription "For Bravery", replacing it with "Anninsky weapon." By the hilt premium knives fastened red cross of the Order of St Anne III degree. Since 1797 insignia of III degree, which was attached to the cup a sword, was the form of a circle with a red enamel ring on the edge and in the same cross in the middle.
Awarding gold weapons resumed with the reign of Alexander I, and since that time in Russia for the military services began to bestow the two kinds of bladed weapons - gold and Anninsky. On September 28, 1807 officers were awarded the golden arms with the inscription "For Bravery" were counted for gentlemen Russian orders. Their names were entered in the lists of the Knights of Russian orders for all items that are published annually in the Court Calendar. "
And in January 1812, Emperor Alexander I gave the commander in chief "power during the most important steps to appoint a brilliant feats of the sword for bravery." However, the awarding of diplomas to those swords were approved by the king, as the generals and weapons with diamonds and diamonds complained to them alone.
Tradition bestow premium weapons are very popular in the Great Patriotic War of 1812.
 |
"This warlike character, worthy of you being attained, but before honor, sort of on the Elimination of the common enemy will reward you Fatherland and Europe.
Awarded to the Russian weapons and allies foreigners. Field-Marshal of Prussia GL Blucher, English duke AU Wellington, an Austrian prince, KF Schwarzenberg received from the Emperor Alexander I gold sword with diamonds and inscribed "For Valor.
Gen. MD Skobelev, one of the most talented Russian commanders, rewarded with three arms: in 1875 for the capture of Andijan - a sword with the inscription "For Bravery" for Kokand campaign - a golden sword with a similar inscription, in the late 1870′s - a golden sword, with diamonds.
During the First World War and the George Anninsky weapons have been awarded thousands of soldiers and officers. Among the recipients were military leaders, who later became leaders of the White movement. It is the creator of the Volunteer Army, MV Alekseev, Chief of Staff General Headquarters and Commander of the Western Front, AI Denikin, the Supreme Ruler of Russia Admiral A. Kolchak, Chief Caucasus Front NN Yudenich, Don chieftains (AM Kaledin, PN Krasnov, PA Bogaevsky), chieftain of the Orenburg Cossack AI Dutov and others.
Tradition to reward the officers with knives army and navy began to use at the end of the Civil War and the Bolsheviks.
 |
In December 1924, the Bureau of the CEC of the USSR adopted a regulation "On awarding of the higher command of the Red Army and Navy Honorable revolutionary weapon." This document as an honorary, but bombs and daggers have been established and firearms - a revolver. On its handle were attached Order of the Red Banner and the silver lining with the inscription: "To be honest soldier of the Red Army from the CEC of the USSR." The first of the awards were awarded SS Kamenev and SM Budyonny.
. American actress. Filmed in the movies: "Early fame" (Oscar), "Little Women," "The Philadelphia Story", "Woman of the Year", "Guess who comes to dinner?" (Bonus " Oscar ")," Lion in Winter "(Oscar)," On Golden pond "(Oscar) and other theatrical roles: Antiopa (voitelnitsy husband), Tracy Lord (" The Philadelphia Story "), etc. |
 Italian film actress. Filmed in the movies: "Gold of Naples", "Chochara" (Oscar), "Boccaccio 70", "Затворники Altony," "Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", "Marriage in Italian" ;, "Sunflowers," "Pret-a-porter", etc. |
 French actor. Appeared in films: "Razin," "Big Walk", "Little bather," gendarme of the Saint-Tropez "," Fantomas "," man-band ", etc. |
 Actor of Belgian origin. Real name - Van Varenberg. He made his debut in the film "Street of the barbarians" (1983). Starred in the films "Bloodsport" (1988), "Black Eagle" (1988), "Cyborg" (1989), "Lionheart" (1990), "Double Impact" (1991), "Universal Soldiers "(1992)," Nowhere to Run "(1993)," Hard Target "(1993)," Timecop "(1994)," Street Fighter "(1994) and others in the films" Lionheart " and "Double Impact" was co-author of the script. |
 French actress. Filmed in the movies: "And God created woman", "Babetta goes to war," "Rest Soldier", "Truth," "Parisian," Despite, " Shalako, " Boulevard of Roma " and others |
 Italian actor. Appeared in the movies: "White Nights", "Sweet Life", "8 1 / 2", "Divorce in Italian", "City of Women," "Ginger and Fred," "Interview" "black eyes", etc. He was awarded the Prize for Creativity, Felix (1988). |
 French actor and film. Roles in Theater: Michelle ( "terrible parent"), Nero ( "Britannica"), Lear (King Lear), and others appeared in films: "Eternal return", "Beauty and the Beast," " , Orpheus "," Captain Frakass, " The Count of Monte Cristo, " Iron Mask "," hunchback "," Fantomas ", etc. |
 German actress. Filmed in the movies: the trilogy "Sissi", "Christine," "Boccaccio 70", "Process", "Ludwig", "Train", "The main thing - love," "old gun" "Cesar and Rosalie," "Woman in the Window," "Simple Story", "Live coverage of the death, etc. |
 Swedish writer. Author of novels for children, "Pippi Longstocking - Long Stocking" (1945-1952), "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the Roof" (1955-1968), "Rasmus-bum" (1956), "The Brothers Lionheart" (1979), "Ronia, the Robber′s Daughter" (1981), etc. |
 American actor. Appeared in films: "From now and for ever", "tattooed rose," "Sweet smell of success", "Elmer Gentri, the Nuremberg process," "Amateur birds from Alkatrasa", "Leopard," " ; Train "," Professionals "," Family Portrait in the interior, " Twentieth Century "," Atlantic City "," skin ", etc. |
 English actor. Acted in films: "The Lion in Winter," "Hamlet," "Elephant Man", "Charing Cross Road, 84", "Silence of the Lambs," "Kingdom of Shadows," "Nixon", " , Amistad, " Remains of the Day, " Hannibal ", etc. |
 American actor. Acted in films: A Streetcar Named Desire, " Viva Zapata! "," Savage, " In Port "(Oscar)," Pursuit, " Candy, " Queimado, " The Godfather "(Oscar)," Last Tango in Paris "," Superman, " Apocalypse Now "," Don Juan de Marco ", etc. |
 American actress. Filmed in the movies: "Cat on a hot roof, Baterfild, 8" (Oscar), "Cleopatra", "Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" (Oscar), " The Taming of the Shrew ", etc. |
 In July 1859 the Swiss physician A. Dunant was present at the battlefield in the village of Solferino in Lombardy. He was a kind and sentimental, and therefore suffering injuries caused in him a burning desire to help the suffering. But as A. Dunant was still a practical man, he decided to found a world organization to provide medical care to the wounded and the victims of earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters. |
 French actor. Appeared in films: "Bandera", "The glorious company," "Pepe Le Moko," "Grand Illusion", "handsome", "Naberezhnaya fogs," "Man-beast", "Tugs" "Megre arranges Silko," "The excluded," "Heroin," "Cat", etc. |
CMS "SOT" v.1.11.15 |