The Earth is one place, equally sacred to the majority of people on our planet. This is - Holy Land of Palestine, where the holy city Jerusalem. There has been a righteous God to Abraham, promising to give the land promised to him and his descendants. In Jerusalem, he lived and the rules of King David, was born in Bethlehem of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, here he was baptized in the River Jordan, and on the shores of Lake Genisaretskogo chose his first disciples. Here the Savior preached his teachings, parables and teachings spoke and appeared to his disciples in the resurrection.
From then to the holy places of Jerusalem - Golgotha, a cave near it, and other places came to the disciples of Jesus Christ, and subsequently novoprosveschennye Christians. As suggested by some studies, at this time and created the Order of Jerusalem Holy Sepulcher. 69 In the first bishop of Jerusalem if he would set up a noble Christians "especially of the Holy Sepulcher." But the Roman Emperor Hadrian, to remove the followers of Jesus Christ of these holy places, commanded between Golgotha and the burial cave level to the ground and the rubble of his litter, and then build this pagan temples.
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Photo: "Jerusalem Order of
St. Sepulcher" |
Almost 200 years the place of our salvation were hidden from the eyes, but the Christian emperor Constantine ordered the re-build the temple at the site, which was a magnificent of all temples ever existed, and that other buildings in the temple was far superior to the most beautiful cities buildings′ .1 According to other researchers, namely, during the reign of Constantine (IV century). and was established by the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, and the more cautious scholars attribute its occurrence to the first crusade. True, there are details and that the order established in 1496 Pope Alexander VI. From the very beginning of its establishment was under the Order Catholic patriarch of Jerusalem, in contrast to the Orders and Medals gospitalerov tamplierov who obeyed the Roman Pope.When Sultan Salah al-Din conquered Jerusalem, the kingdom of Jerusalem had been eliminated, and the Order of the Holy Sepulcher are no longer able to protect the shrines entrusted to him.
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Photo: "Jerusalem Order of
St. Sepulcher" |
Turkish dominion in Jerusalem sometimes difficult to stay close to the Order of the Capitulum Christian holy sites, so the Order often seek a new refuge. For some time he was even included in the French orders, but after the coup of July 1830, the seat of Order Capitulum for several years was a convent near Cracow, and then she moved to Rome.When in 1847 in Jerusalem has been restored Catholic Patriarchate, the Pope gave him the Order of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulcher.
The Order is the order of nobility of origin of their knights, and mark it is considered particularly high award from Catholics. This award crowns the list of winning the Holy See, but they do not award the Pope, a Chapter of the monastic orders, but still under the control of the Apostolic capital. Orders is a big sign "Jerusalem cross" eight forms such as small crosses in the four corners. The cross is covered with dark red paint, it has no inscriptions.
At the beginning of XX century, was established and the Order of the Orthodox Patriarchs of Jerusalem.
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Photo: "Jerusalem Order of
St. Sepulcher" |
Historical documents show that 15 July, 1907 Patriarch Damian, in response to podnesenie his scientific work, proclaimed Academician NP Likhachova "knight of the Holy Sepulcher and through its Moscow representative handed him the cross, which moved to the chest.
This medal cross has a very simple form: it is gold, chetyrehkonechny, with elongated lower end. The front side is pointed uzenky enamel cross of the same shape. At the upper end of the cross there is a ring of one belt, which povyazyvaetsya on the neck. At the lower end of enhanced ball (head of the screw), which seals halves of the cross-reliquary.
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Italian film actress. Filmed in the movies: "Gold of Naples", "Chochara" (Oscar), "Boccaccio 70", "Затворники Altony," "Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", "Marriage in Italian" ;, "Sunflowers," "Pret-a-porter", etc.
French actor. Appeared in films: "Razin," "Big Walk", "Little bather," gendarme of the Saint-Tropez "," Fantomas "," man-band ", etc.
Actor of Belgian origin. Real name - Van Varenberg. He made his debut in the film "Street of the barbarians" (1983). Starred in the films "Bloodsport" (1988), "Black Eagle" (1988), "Cyborg" (1989), "Lionheart" (1990), "Double Impact" (1991), "Universal Soldiers "(1992)," Nowhere to Run "(1993)," Hard Target "(1993)," Timecop "(1994)," Street Fighter "(1994) and others in the films" Lionheart " and "Double Impact" was co-author of the script. 
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French actor and film. Roles in Theater: Michelle ( "terrible parent"), Nero ( "Britannica"), Lear (King Lear), and others appeared in films: "Eternal return", "Beauty and the Beast," " , Orpheus "," Captain Frakass, " The Count of Monte Cristo, " Iron Mask "," hunchback "," Fantomas ", etc.
German actress. Filmed in the movies: the trilogy "Sissi", "Christine," "Boccaccio 70", "Process", "Ludwig", "Train", "The main thing - love," "old gun" "Cesar and Rosalie," "Woman in the Window," "Simple Story", "Live coverage of the death, etc.
Swedish writer. Author of novels for children, "Pippi Longstocking - Long Stocking" (1945-1952), "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the Roof" (1955-1968), "Rasmus-bum" (1956), "The Brothers Lionheart" (1979), "Ronia, the Robber′s Daughter" (1981), etc. 
American actor. Appeared in films: "From now and for ever", "tattooed rose," "Sweet smell of success", "Elmer Gentri, the Nuremberg process," "Amateur birds from Alkatrasa", "Leopard," " ; Train "," Professionals "," Family Portrait in the interior, " Twentieth Century "," Atlantic City "," skin ", etc.
English actor. Acted in films: "The Lion in Winter," "Hamlet," "Elephant Man", "Charing Cross Road, 84", "Silence of the Lambs," "Kingdom of Shadows," "Nixon", " , Amistad, " Remains of the Day, " Hannibal ", etc. 
American actor. Acted in films: A Streetcar Named Desire, " Viva Zapata! "," Savage, " In Port "(Oscar)," Pursuit, " Candy, " Queimado, " The Godfather "(Oscar)," Last Tango in Paris "," Superman, " Apocalypse Now "," Don Juan de Marco ", etc. 
American actress. Filmed in the movies: "Cat on a hot roof, Baterfild, 8" (Oscar), "Cleopatra", "Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" (Oscar), " The Taming of the Shrew ", etc.
In July 1859 the Swiss physician A. Dunant was present at the battlefield in the village of Solferino in Lombardy. He was a kind and sentimental, and therefore suffering injuries caused in him a burning desire to help the suffering. But as A. Dunant was still a practical man, he decided to found a world organization to provide medical care to the wounded and the victims of earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters.
American actor. Appeared in films: "Graduate," "Midnight Cowboy," "Little big man", "straw dogs", "Lenny", "marathon runner", "Kramer v. Kramer" (Oscar ), "Tutsi", "Rain Man" (Oscar), "American Buffalo," "Sphere," "red herring", etc.