ALBERT EINSTEIN

The most influential man of modern times was born in Germany, physicist Albert Einstein. Legislator Moses singled out the Jewish people and in fact founded civilization. Jesus of Nazareth drew many millions of people in selfless faith. At the dawn of the first century technological Einstein discovered the inexhaustible possibilities of matter. His famous equation: E = mc2 became synonymous with the concept that energy and mass are equivalent. His theory, outlined in the elegant formulas and eloquent prose, are very complex and from the very beginning were quite revolutionary and controversial. In contrast to the relatively easy to understand the ideas of Isaac Newton to Einstein′s theory is very difficult to understand. Einstein believed that any student mastered foundations of physics can understand his personal theory of relativity.

His life is forever linked with the three defining events of the twentieth century: an outbreak of Nazi hatred and terror, the rise of Zionism and the creation of the State of Israel, and the discovery of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons.

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A touch of the most destructive and most creative tendencies of mankind led to the fact that the first decade of the twentieth century, and most of Einstein′s life has been a period of suffering and exaltation, dark nights and blinding light. Einstein is great not only for his scientific achievements (he changed the accepted norms), but their participation in the dynamic social events of his time.

Einstein was born in the small town of Ulm in Bavaria. His father was an unlucky owner of electrochemical concern. In his youth Albert family often changed residence, following his father, constantly seeking to improve their business. The young Einstein was, apparently, problems with speech. His lack of development he called the main cause of his very original outlook. Albert received a secular education in the Munich school and developed into a lifelong aversion to the harsh Teutonic power and the inflexible thinking. According to him, militarism has no place in a free society ideas.

After his family, he moved to Italy. Growth of German nationalism caused him disgust, and he renounced his citizenship.

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Being stateless, Einstein moved to Switzerland with the hope to enter the famous Polytechnic Institute in Zurich. From the first time do not have (the director of the Institute recognized his superior knowledge of mathematics and science in general, but noted a significant gap in other subjects), and Einstein, the most brilliant minds after Newton had to spend a year in preparatory school in the Swiss village. At the Institute, he was passed only in 1896 after graduating in 1900, Einstein became a citizen at that time Switzerland was unable to obtain places the teacher in his institute and accepted a job at the patent office in Bern.

Work of a public servant gave a lot of free time to conduct their own research. Fellow workers were amazed by the fact that Einstein for one hour of time to do more than the average worker for a full working day. In 1905 Einstein published in the then-known scientific journal "Annalena der physicist" three unusual labor. The first was presented to quantify the so-called Brownian motion of molecules (affecting the future of scientific methods of measurement).

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The second described the "photoelectric effect", which gave a theoretical justification of future inventions television. The third work on the "private theory of relativity", has changed over time, our world . . .

Einstein proved theoretically that the physical laws do not change when observers move relative to each other. His concept of relativity of motion argued that space and time are not absolute, and are influenced by the movement and the masses.

His first work on relativity, not yet contained the famous equation E = mc2. It was published by Einstein in additional to become the next summer after the first publication of private theories. Changing the generally accepted explanation of the physical world, Einstein took the next logical step. He studied the differences between a fixed mass and weight in motion, and the impact of the transformation of matter into pure energy. Forty years before Hiroshima, Einstein discovered the heart of energy under all material bodies.

Einstein did not do - like Bohr, Fermi, Szilard, Oppenheimer and Teller - direct research of nuclear fission.

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Proceedings of these and other physicists only "confirmed his view. "

First Einstein′s theory changed the views of the world and showed how little he knew people. Cubism of Picasso, literature "stream of consciousness" Joyce and the fragmentation of harmony and melody Schoenberg - that′s the background on what happened aesthetically brilliant discovery of Einstein.

Following the publication of work on private theory of relativity Einstein briefly taught at the universities of Zurich and Prague, in 1912 he returned to the Polytechnic Institute in teaching. The recommendation of the famous German physicist Max Planck Einstein was appointed professor of the Prussian Academy in Berlin. Being Swiss, he regained his German citizenship (which refuses again after the Nazis came to power). During the First World War, he was one of the few known pacifists in jingoist Germany. In the midst of trench warfare in 1916, Einstein announced the creation of the general theory of relativity. It gave all kinds of relative motion - and the uniform and nonuniform.

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He said the ratio of gravitational fields with large masses. Applying the non-Euclidean geometry to the concepts of four-dimensional space, Einstein first said that the heavenly light "bends" under the influence of solar gravity.

When his theory of "the curvature of light" has been proved by scientists who observed a solar eclipse in 1919, Einstein almost instantly became a global celebrity. Although his modesty no use for fame, Einstein used his fame for a worthy purpose. Who after World War II, famed symbol of the new scientific age, Einstein preached peace on behalf of the League of Nations, strongly urged to use science for human benefit, not for its destruction, and, in response to an appeal, Chaim Weizmann, warmly supported the objectives of the Zionist movement.

In the 1920′s. Einstein′s scientific activity declined, but his fame grew. He encouraged more young scientists at the opening of the practical application of their theories. His public debate with Niels Bohr raised the consciousness of the resurrected - albeit for a short period before the seizure of power by the Nazis - the international scientific community.

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When in 1933 Hitler came to power, Einstein renounced his post as professor in Berlin, and accepted the proposal of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in New Jersey.

Realizing the danger of nuclear weapons in Germany and received the support of Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote a now famous letter became President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which identified the need for intensive research of the atom. It is believed that this letter was the beginning of the secret development of atomic bombs in the U. S. , which led ultimately to the end of the war with Japan and the beginning of the new time. Later, Einstein spoke out against the use of atomic bombs. In 50-ies he sharply protested against the totalitarian tactics of Senator Joseph McCarthy and urged scientists not to testify before the Senate Committee on Un-American Activities.

Shortly before his death in 1955, Einstein was working with the full impact forces over the "unified field theory". He had hoped to explain the interaction of theories of gravitation and electromagnetism. His work on a unified theory has been continued by Steven Gokingom and other scientists.

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Einstein more than any other scientist, has enriched our world driven by science. None of the other person does not represent the extent the role and importance of science. While states are still obsessed with the desire to get as much power, and their peoples consider scientific progress steepest path to their own material well-being. Einstein was a great influence not only in his innovative theories, but in his spiritual example. He has repeatedly pointed out that God does not play dice. Under the heavens should be the objective. Future generations should not forget the warning made by Einstein in the sense that scientists should not lose heart in the cold logical finding, and that, on the contrary, they should serve the interests of humanity.