Long before Bobby Fischer, Boris Spassky, Samuel Reshevsky, Savely Tartakower, Akiba Rubinstein and Emanuel Lasker greatest and the first world chess champion has become irascible and surly Jew, Wilhelm Steinitz. Lasker, perhaps, remains the most successful chess player of all time, Tartakower - one of the greatest teachers of chess, and Fisher - the man behind the World chess enthusiasm. Steinitz also was the first chess player, a recognized world champion, founder of the principles of modern chess and the first who gave this game a truly international sound.
He was born in Prague, as a boy he studied the Talmud and the third ten moved to Vienna. Neglected classes in mathematics, Steinitz played chess where only he could. Arriving as the representative of Austria on the English Chess Tournament 1862, he remained in London, earning a living chess game. In 1866 Steinitz met in a match with the great Adolf Anderson - master of the so-called a sharp style and noble romantic. Steinitz won in the eight parties to the six Andersen. Since Andersen was considered the best in the whole world, chess player, Steinitz declared himself the champion of the world. He always made it clear who he was. Arguing that kept his title for over twenty eight years, Steinitz has devoted most of this period, the improvement of new ideas, renewed its participation in tournaments, but refrained from matches for the championship until he was sure of the elegance of its equipment.
His rivals were Zukertort to Lasker and Mikhail Chigorin. The latter is widely known as the founder of Russian school of chess game, and is revered to this day.
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| Photo: "Vilgelm Steinitz" |
Born in Riga, and spoke in German Johann Zukertort was a man of high culture, a professional musician and linguist. Both rival radically different from Steinitz. He was the most hostile person in the history of chess. Any trivial infuriated the great Steinitz. Colleagues just could not stand him.While Steinitz, seemed to revel in their heinous nature, he still made it a rule to "play with the board, and not with the enemy. Chess was for him an abstract science. Feelings and motives of the enemy, claimed Steinitz, have no meaning. It is important first of all what is happening on the chessboard.
Opponents feared not only by its explosive character, but even more of his stubborn defense and the inevitable attack. More than two decades, most players could not comprehend what he was doing. Steinitz rejected the romantic notion that the most important invention. He preferred to sit in wait, preparing a rapid breakthrough in the kingside. Steinitz has developed a very effective defense strategy, which envisaged the accumulation of tiny advantages for the preparation of the final, brutal and swift attack. In many ways, symbolized the end of the Steinitz chess as a noble sport. He proved that success can be achieved only through a reliable benefits. For him, had the value of each figure. Any pawn can kill. His theory of closed favorable for the defense position is fundamentally changed the game.
Steinitz popularized its methods, writing an impressive chess treatise and editing and distributing the International Chess Magazine (Lasker Steinitz follow the example and write a standard book on this game).
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| Photo: "Vilgelm Steinitz" |
After nearly two decades of British rule in chess in 1883 Steinitz dared to go to the U.S. hoping to get rich there. However, Americans have little interest in chess (Harol Schoenberg in his informative book "Grandmasters" reports that in the entire state of Wyoming have found only "a chess player"), and Steinitz barely making ends meet. Still, he managed in 1886 to draw attention to a rematch for the title with Zukertort. The match took place a few weeks in three cities and aroused even greater than the exploits of a native of New Orleans′ Paul Morphy (the greatest American chess player Steinitz preceding generation), American interest in chess (held later match Steinitz and Chigorin had a similar effect in Russian). Steinitz, of course, the disgraced Zukertort (which led, as rumored, to a rapid deterioration of health and death Zukertort two years).In 1894, a twenty-son of a German cantor Emanuel Lasker defeated Steinitz, who had been fifty-eight, and won his title. Steinitz continued to play and make a valuable contribution to chess literature. By 1899, he lost interest in the game, went mad, was placed in one of New York City hospitals for the mentally ill and died in poverty in 1900, fearing to die as Steinitz, penniless, Lasker made it a rule to protect their only league title in as many fees. The current high-stakes chess masters are obliged to the sad fate of Steinitz.
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