BERTRAND RUSSELL

English philosopher, logician, mathematician, and pacifist. Gained wide popularity in academic circles since the publication of the work "Foundations of Mathematics" (1910-1913), written in collaboration with A. Whitehead. Peru belongs to Russell History of Western Philosophy "(1915)," Marriage and morality "(1929) and" Autobiography "(1967-1969). Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1950).

Russell did not recognize any authority. However, he, like Voltaire, was a very passionate person. Some newspaper photographs made during his violent speeches, he looked like an angel-avenger. Throughout his life Russell sharply criticized the traditional attitudes in all spheres of human life - love, education, religion, women′s rights, politics and the nuclear arms race.

Russell was born in one of the oldest and most illustrious families in England. His upbringing has grandma-presviterianka differing severity. Bertrand grew up shy and sensual child and suffered enormously from what is done, as he felt a lot of "sins. "

The 18-year-old Russell passion for the study of mathematics, because it was a question: "whether in this world anything to know. " This interest has been the case in his life. Bertrand soon became famous in academic circles.

Russell is actively opposed to all wars. In 1918, he was behind bars, because "a threat to national security. " Nevertheless, during the Second World War, Bertrand, to abrogate the principle, supported the actions antifashistkoy coalition.

Photo — «Bertrand Russell»

In 1950, Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature. By this time he was already a well-known writer and public figure. However, the authorities could not forgive his harsh words about the war in Vietnam, the assassination of John Kennedy, the testing of nuclear weapons. In old age Russell took an active part in protest marches and "seating" the demonstrations, after which again was behind bars. "I do not want to leave this world" - sadly said scientist shortly before his death.

Russell has always believed that he will never know a woman until perespit it. In their paper "Marriage and morality," he spoke in defense of the trial and free unions.

In twenty years he had no memory of fell in love with 15-year-old Alice Pirsel Smith. His choice was living in Philadelphia and came from a well-known Quaker family. Russell for the first time he kissed her just four months after she made a proposal to marry him. On hearing this, grandmother of Bertrand in the hearts of the girl named "thief of children" and "insidious sophisticated woman. " Young people are so lively time discussing how many times a week, they will indulge in love, when will the husband and wife. However, bred in the rigorous tradition, the bride and groom resist the temptation and have not lost their innocence to a wedding in 1894.

After the first experiments in the marital bed, Alice said that her sex is given by God to punish, but Russell, a different opinion, even "not considered necessary" to argue on this issue. However, both believe in free love, but none of them are not in a hurry to try it.

Photo — «Bertrand Russell»

The first five years of their marriage, they did not know that such a betrayal.

In 1901, Russell fell in love with Evelyn Whitehead, the talented wife of his collaborator, AN Whitehead. Their relations have remained purely platonic, but this woman has led Bertrand look at the world through the eyes of others. During Cycling he suddenly clear that does not like Alice, which ran to inform his wife. "I did not want to be cruel towards her, but in those days I believed that in private life should always speak the truth" - he wrote.

Within five years, Russell and Alice carefully preserved the appearance of the happy family, but held with different bedrooms. "About twice a year I tried to restore our sexual relationships to ease her suffering, but I am no longer attracted, and these attempts were unsuccessful," - Bertrand admitted with regret.

In 1910 he met with Lady Ottolin Morrel, wife of Member of Parliament from the Liberal Party, Philip Morrela. Here′s how it looked in the eyes of a woman in love with her man: "It was very high, with a long thin face, a bit like a horse, and she had beautiful hair. " They carefully concealed their romantic relationship: Ottolin not resolved to divorce her husband because he could hurt his political career. Filip, find out about his wife′s treason, did not make a scandal, considering their discretion. Soon, Alice Russell left. The former lovers met only in 1930, but as a "good friend". Bertrand later admitted: "Ottolin destroyed Puritan in me. "

So, Russell has ceased to be a Puritan.

Photo — «Bertrand Russell»

After the novel of Lady Morrel, he refused to love adventures. His private life was the sequence of major novels, light flirting and no significant relationship. It remains to wonder how he managed to avoid the noisy scandals and revelations. In his letters Ottolin and other inamorata Bertrand describes in detail its relationship with other women. But, surprisingly, the ladies were in the quiet heart of his adventures.

In 1914, Russell went to lecture on American cities. In Chicago, his attention attracted by Helen Dudley, the daughter of a surgeon. She accepted his invitation to stay in England. In a letter Ottolin he frankly confessed all, in the end, add: "Honey, I do not think that this means that I began to love you less. "

When Helen arrived in England, the passion Russell has settled. In addition, he has begun a novel with the talented and beautiful Irene Cooper Ullis. Russell hated every precaution, Irene, the fear of scandal, carefully hid their relationship. Russell eventually failed: "What the hell, I was engaged with her love. "

In 1916 Russell became acquainted with Lady Constance Malleson. 21-year-old actress spoke to the theatrical stage name Colette O′Neil. Her marriage to actor Miles Mallesonom, by mutual agreement, be free. Russell often rested, along with Constance and her husband. Lovers separated, and then converge again . . . And so for thirty years. Colette at the time of birth is always sending him red roses. Ottolin Russell wrote: "My feelings towards Colette was not even a shadow of my feelings for you.

Photo — «Bertrand Russell»

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Russell dreamed of having children. In 1919, he met with Doroy Black, feminist, but she wanted to have children out of wedlock. In the midst of the novel with Colette Russell went to China, which won the vacant position at Beijing University. Along with him went to Asia and Dora.

When in August of 1921 they returned to England, Dora was on the ninth month of pregnancy. "From the outset, we take no precautions" - Bertrand told a friend. After long reflection Russell and Dora decided to get married all the same, though their marriage has been free. They formalized the relationship a month before giving birth.

When the second child is born, Russell founded an experimental school. The atmosphere at school was very liberal. It, in particular, defended the right of all school teachers to free love. Russell closer to the young teacher, and then went to America lecture. Dora the meantime is not missed, and brought a novel with an American journalist, Griffin Barry, and bore him two more children.

Russell apparently did not like this use of his theory of free love in practice. In their marriage contract, among other things, and made a point: "If a child is born to the wife of another man, would follow divorce. " The couple divorced in 1935. Russell believed that a woman can not physically bring more than seven or eight years. Dora wanted to give birth to him another child, but Russell "thought it impossible. "

His romance with 21-year-old Joan Foluell very typical for Russell. He immediately said to her: "The only thing I fear is that I can not satisfy you sexually, because I have young .

Photo — «Bertrand Russell»

. . However, there are ways in which you can correct this deficiency. " Many years later, Joan confessed: "After our third joint dinner I started to sleep with him . . . This lasted more than three years. In bed, however, he often could not succeed, so I went to another. "

In 1930, Russell closer to Patricia Spence, attractive teachers of children. In 1936 they married, their son was born. During World War II they moved to the United States. Patricia has not felt very happy. Daughter of Russell suggested: "She knew that her marriage has not brought her happiness. His passion . . . replaced by courtesy, which could not satisfy the romantic mood a young woman. "

In 1946, the 74-year-old scientist off the romance with a young woman teacher at the University of Cambridge. They met for three years. Colette wrote him a letter full unconcealed bitterness: "Now I have no illusions. What a terrible end of all our years, held together . . . Three times, I became a part of your life, and three times you repel me. "

Patricia Spence divorced from Russell in 1952. In the same year he married his long-standing friend Edith Finch, an American writer. In Russell appeared, finally, to give up its "extremely strong sexual instincts, because he was already 80 years old. His family lives a happy life with Edith. At his last birthday, he, as always, was a gift from Colette - a bouquet of red roses.