GUY DE MAUPASSANT

French writer who became famous after the publication of short stories, "Boule de Suif" (1880). He served in the Naval Ministry (1872-1878), worked in the Ministry of Education (1878-1880). Since May 1880 collaborated with the newspaper "Gauloises". Author of about 300 short stories (the first collection of short stories "The institution Tellier" was released in May 1881). The author of the novels "Life" (1883), "Dear Friend" (1885), "Mont-Oriol" (1886), "Pierre and Jean" (1887-1888), "Strong as Death" (1889), "Our hearts" (1890), etc.

"Whoever has a heart of chivalry survived the flames of the last centuries, the women around the deep tenderness, soft, rough and yet live. He loves everything about them that comes from them, loves them and all they do . He loves their toilets and trinkets, their jewelry, their cunning, their innocence, their treachery, their lies and their antics . . . He knows how to tell them what they want, get them to understand their thoughts and never shocking, is not touching their delicate and sensitive of chastity, to make them feel repressed and a strong desire, which is always burning in his eyes, always trembles on his lips, always flaming in his veins . . . He is ready to call them first to help them protect their . . . He does not ask them anything, just a little tender disposition, trust, or a bit of interest in itself, a little favor, or at least the treacherous deceit. " Anthem of the French chivalry ends with the words: "For him, a woman - an ornament of the world. " The author of the anthem - a classic of literature, Guy de Maupassant, who is considered at the same time one of the greatest lover in modern French history . . .

Guy was born on August 5, 1850. His mother, a Philistine from the ruined family, Laura Le Puatven, was a notable name thanks to an alliance with Gustave de Maupassant seductive, who was then still called simply Maupassant. Faced with a careless Vadinho Gustav, Laura said, if he wants to please her, he should get the title. Gustav made by the civil tribunal of Rouen right to add his name to the prefix "de". Laura was a woman of a smart, powerful, but at the same time nervous. Guy has always had its influence as a writer, she has always guided him as a person. The father of the future writer trailed behind and beauties lost in casinos. He was a real dandy. Quarrels break out between the parents began immediately after the wedding. In the end, in 1862, his parents divorced, that Guy was a terrible blow.

Before Gustav and Laura separated, they often came to rest in Etretat, a village on the shores of the Channel. Water is inspired by Guy. Water - a woman. The woman - it is water. Throughout his life, Guy compared the water with a woman.

In the summer of 1868 hotels in Etretat were overcrowded. Guy carefully considers the bathers. He later wrote: "Few women are able to stand the test of the beach. It is here that you can fully appreciate them from ankle to chest!"

One evening the boy met a certain Fanny de Cl. , Parisienne, enjoy the pleasures of Etretat. It was good, easily amused, fragrant excellent spirits. The boy wanted her, his eyes talking about it. He gave Fanny verses . . . In the evening the boy with smoldering hope went to the beauty. Once in the garden, he heard a burst of laughter and cold with horror: Fanny laughingly reciting verses of the young admirer. This is bullying, he never forgave the other women . . .

In October 1869, Guy de Maupassant was enrolled at the Faculty of Law in Paris. July 19, 1870 France declared war on Prussia, and Guy went into the army. He was assigned to the 2nd quartermaster department of Le Havre, but at first he was sent to Rouen military clerk.

March 20, 1872 in Paris, Maupassant joined the service for the supply of the fleet, but he soon realized that the office of the ministry is the same cabal that military service. He continued to write short stories. As a strict mentor, played one of his mother's an outstanding writer Gustave Flaubert, author of unsurpassed, "Madame Bovary. "

In his spare time, Guy rushes to the Seine. The river was the complete opposite of his office. It was happiness: a girl, every time another, and true to the boat, and old friends . . . Guy was a great rower. Vacation he spent in Etretat, by the sea. Already a well-known writer, Guy said: "I saw a lot of funny things and funny girls in those days, when engaged in rowing. I was, I did not have a penny, and now I am a person's position and I can throw at any minute a big freak the amount. As simple as well and it was hard to live - between the office in Paris and the river in Bougival Arzhanteye or . . . " Here he found his characters stories.

For example, reality and fiction in "The Fly" is very closely intertwined. In one of the river trips Maupassant seduced fragile girl that everyone called Mushka. She was steering the boat and his girlfriend of five crew members. Everything was going fine until, until it became clear that the "steering" gathered to give the child five daddy. However, the overall mushonok - the imagination of the writer, but everything else - the real truth.

In March 1877, Maupassant sent to his friend Robert letter in which he reported that he was sick and is treated with mercury and potassium iodide. "I've got syphilis, finally, present, and not miserable cold . . . no, no, the real syphilis, from which he died Fratsisk I. Great is the trouble, I am proud, I despise most every middle class. Hallelujah, I have syphilis, therefore, I am not afraid of catching it. " Medicine at that time was still powerless and tried to ignore the illness that struck Daudet, Mallarme, Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin, Nerval, Baudelaire, Jules de Goncourt, van Gogh, Nietzsche, Man and many others - all of those Maupassant jokingly called "naidrazhayshie syphilitics. "

In September-October 1879 Guy made his first trip on foot in Brittany. He was fond of Concarneau, its wonderful bay and the walled city of the thousand. Guy deeply inhaled the scent of this legendary and terrible edge . . . Brittany left a Maupassant or a genuine recollection of the woman poluvymyshlennoe "no more than eighteen years old, and her pale blue eyes were penetrated by two black dots pupils . . . " Big, fluffy "breast squeeze cloth vest in the form of a cuirass" and she does not know a word of French, with a passion given to the traveler and crying when he leaves . . .

Laura Guy Maupassant gave the land on the outskirts of Etretat. In the summer of 1883 he built a one-story chalet with two wings, the connecting wooden balcony-terrace. As a kind neighbor, he presents his daughter pears Offenbach. Here he became acquainted with the beautiful Ernestine . . .

He wanted to call his house "facility Tellier. " It made him the unanimous indignation of the visitors. One of them is prone to sentimentality, suggested a name: La Giyett. That was his neighbor Hermine Lecomte du Nui, "elegant fragile laughing blonde - pretty blue-stocking" with which he not long before he met and admired a while for no apparent results.

Photo — «Guy De Maupassant»

When Maupassant was not working, not treated and is not engaged in rowing, he hunted for women - mostly young and decanters, fashionable salons attenders. He lured them how to entice birds - imitating their singing. They went to the bait, though, and despised him. He took revenge on them, drawing in his stories. The ladies were laughing, listening to his funny stories. In the story "Pins" two mistresses of the same men are in his turn, and learn about each other through pins that are injected into draperies. The case ends with the fact that they occur.

"- And they continue to meet?

- Why, my dear, - became best friend.

- Well, well! And it does not leads you to believe?

- No, but for what?

- Oh, you blockhead! Yes Make them the same again in turns to stick . . . the pins.

- About this Maupassant! - Laugh excited listener. Then suddenly it became clear that a similar trick with the pins Guy played the Countess Estelle and her cousin Mary. Enthusiasm was replaced by indignation of Countess. "

In 1884, Maupassant wrote from a beautiful lady Kahn: ". . . I think about other individuals, whom I love to talk. On one of them you seem to know each other? She did not bow to masters of the world, it is free in his thoughts (on At least I think so), in their opinions and in his dislike. That's why I so often think of her. " And then it is very flattering to depict her: "Her mind impresses me as impulsive, relaxed and seductive spontaneity. This box with a surprise. It is full of surprises and is imbued with some kind of unusual charm. " In short, Guy wanted to "kiss a few days later the lady's fingers" - a traditional phrase that has special meaning for him, and he dedicated it to "all that it is good and nice . . . "

His fiancee - a real countess, nee Princess Pignatelli di Chergaria, daughter of the Duke di Regina and pious Roman, wife of Count Felix Potocki Nicholas, attache at the Austro-Hungarian Embassy. This couple of cosmopolitans - istye Parisians. Potocki rich, like luxury. Their splendid mansion in the Avenue Friedland, 27, was called "the Polish credit" because of the constantly swarming crowds of beggars there who have found refuge in France itself. Emmanuel Pototskaya - Siren - mistress of a charming interior. The couple did not consider it necessary to conceal his break, though kept "decency. "

Guy met a crazy countess through his friend Georges Legrand in 1883 - even before it was published novel, "Life. " Maupassant wrote ardent Emanuele: "I am delighted. " Life "great odds. Nothing could bring me more satisfaction than the success. Did you know that I am greatly indebted to you this success? And on my knees, I would like to thank you. " A strong, independent, eccentric, dangerous, incendiary and cold drug addict - that was this countess.

And this flirtation - quadrille of continuous breaks, returns, cowardice, reconciliations, whims - developed, supported by this friendship. Of course, Guy simultaneously conducted several love affairs. As expressed in the Boulevard, "he saddled four. "

Countess Emmanuelle Pototskaya led Maupassant's novel "Our Heart" under the name of the Baroness de Fremin: ". . . elegant mouth with thin lips was, apparently, is scheduled miniaturist, and then circled his hand light chaser. Her voice is crystal vibrate, and its sudden sharp thought full of decadent delights, were peculiar, bizarre and evil. corrupting, cool charm and deadpan inscrutability of the hysterical girls surrounding troubled, generating excitement and violent passions. She was known all over Paris as the most extravagant woman of the world of true light. "

This pretty much helped ally Maupassant. On the other hand, Guy, of course, was the ornament of her salon, was distinguished by free like . . .

In March 1884 Guy was still living in Cannes, charming in its spring attire, in the nearby village of Old Street Redan. One morning, Guy received a message from an unknown lady. "Sir, I read you and I feel almost happy. Do you love the truth of nature and find it truly great poetry . . . Of course, I would like to tell you a lot of nice and wonderful things, but it's hard to do. I am even more sorry about that because you are quite well known, and hardly I can not even dream of becoming a confidante of your soul, unless your soul and really beautiful . . . " Reporter chose not to be named.

Maupassant was intrigued and said the stranger. Between the two struck up a correspondence. He did not know that she was sick with tuberculosis. Messages were too heavy Ki, he even brought into play jokes from the arsenal of the rowers. She answered letters, full of vitality and recklessness. Reporter kept a diary. Bluestocking - but dying bluestocking ("I have no friends, I do not love anybody, and nobody likes me"), are aware of their capabilities, "a talent that just came on, and a deadly disease" (March 24, . ) Mary Bashkirtseva (Moses) had only six months to live. It was a Russian girl, whimsical and elegant, insufferable and pathetic. She wanted to keep a diary to some thought of the writer and performer Maupassant as his testament. Mary had hoped to survive by means of the diary itself. Musya she broke off the correspondence: ". . . It's funny, of course, swear to you that we are made to understand each other. You do not deserve. I am very sorry about that. Nothing could be more pleasant for me than for you to recognize all the superiority of you or for someone other . . . "

Several years later, Guy with one of her female friends come to the cemetery in Passy, ??and stopped at a monument in the Byzantine style. That was the tomb of Mary. Maupassant stared through the bars at the chapel. Finally he said: "It had to fall asleep with roses . . . "

Maupassant often identified himself with his hero. "My dear friend - that's me" - said Guy, laughing, when his novel has just hit the stores, which became a catchphrase as the famous Flaubert's "Madame Bovary - it's me. " In his foreword to the novel Maupassant philosophized: "I wonder how can a man love to be something more than mere entertainment, which is easy to vary, as we have variety of good food, or what is called sport . . . Loyalty, permanence - what nonsense! I was not reassured that the two women better than one, three better than two, three and ten best . . . The man who decides to permanently confined to a single woman would have done the same strange and absurd, as a lover of oysters , which, thought of the breakfast, at lunch, dinner all year round there is some oysters . . . "

Maupassant called "dear friend" his first boat - a symbol of wealth and power, purchased with money from the book.

In the novel, Madame Forestier, caused by the main hero of the "desire to throw himself at her feet, kiss her delicate lace bodice, reveling in the fragrant warmth emanating from her chest. " Maupassant also met in his life, "Madame Forestier" - Hermine Lecomte du Nui, a neighbor of Etretat.

Photo — «Guy De Maupassant»

In 1886, Guy came to Etretat several times, briefly. There he again meet with Hermine in the lush greenery of the estate of La Bikok.

This respectable woman, mother of a wonderful little boy Pierre, whom the writer has established an excellent relationship, lived alone because her husband, the royal architect, lived almost continuously in Bucharest, where he was swamped with orders. She suffered because she loved her husband crazy. But her ambition was flattered by attentions famous neighbor.

Leconte de Nuits wrote about a new acquaintance: ". . . He lisps, but the manner of his conversation is so charming that soon forgets that he is suffering from a defect of speech. He neuhozhen, badly dressed and wears hideous old ties. "

Hermine composed. And not just for the fun, but also to ensure that young Pierre. Of all the women who surrounded Ki, Hermine enjoyed its special location. He treated her with genuine affection.

Letters to Hermine preserved. First, it is beautiful, but quite sober records of travel, ending with the traditional "I kiss your hand", but soon after added: "I kiss your feet well. "

This was written on board the yacht "Dear Friend" in late autumn 1886, after intoxicating summer, which gave them so many happy hours . . . Now, he dreamed of when it's a blessed time of year again (Maupassant adored heat), but before the summer was far away, and he inquired, did not glance whether it is in place Villefranche? "I would come back to his yacht to see you. " Or in Paris, which he, generally speaking, not too complain, but for her sake he was ready to suffer the metropolitan bustle. Just let it tell the date. "Then I'll make so that my appearance in this city coincided with your being in it. "

One would think that Hermine still wanted to really become a part of history - and this is so typical for a woman! For example, it is not destroyed by a short note on May 14, 1890: "Dear friend, do not get dressed - we'll be alone. I kiss your hand. Maupassant. "

One can agree with the assumptions Marie Lecomte du Nui: Maupassant started to take care of his lonely neighbor in the same way as he looked to for any other beautiful woman. Later he got a taste because it stubbornly remained loyal to his architect. Soon Hermine heart softened, and with typical women's negligence she fell in love with him . . . At a time when he had fallen out of love.

"Satisfying the desire leaves no room for uncertainty, and this deprives love of its main values. " Stepping over a treasured face, Maupassant became Amelia just a friend. "Dear friend, - he says to Madame Lecomte du Nui - thank you a thousand times. "

The writer thanked his wife of the architect for a Christmas gift - a pin for a tie - and sent her a bracelet, adding to it the Christmas story of its former owner, the once beautiful and rich, and now the "old, impoverished, and brutally persecuted by fate. "

This Christmas polunovella ended politely, "I kiss your hands. " The novelist has remained true to its own rules. Love, love, intoxication "should be limited to a man waiting period. Every victory over the woman once again proves to us that we have to embrace all of them are almost the same . . . "

Novel, "Our hearts" was the last novel by Guy de Maupassant. Hermine Lecomte du Nui immediately recognize myself in the main heroine of the novel Madame de Burne. However, some researchers believe that the writer has made in the image and the features of their other friends. But only the features . . . The main still remains golden-haired mermaid from the sea.

. . . February 27, 1883 in Paris, was born of an unknown father boy Lucien, who was given the name of his mother Josephine Littselman. After twenty years, ten years after the death of Guy de Maupassant, one of the daily newspapers of Paris, "Eclair," alerted readers that Maupassant is survived by his offspring - a boy and two girls.

In 1884 a girl was born Lucien, and July 29, 1887 in Vincennes, was born the second girl, Martha, Margaret. Their mother, Josephine Littselman died in 1920.

The probability of a triple paternity is quite high, although Madame Laura de Maupassant and family friend Dr. Balestra, who treated her, denied the existence of these children. The doctor said Laura Lombroso: "I've never heard of the family who ever said about these three children . . . Madame de Maupassant never mentioned them. Maupassant had left him, but because you know what the circumstances interfere with his name. Between so this is an open secret. "

Neither Dr. Balestra, nor Lombroso did not add to that word. Maybe they both had in mind a little of Pierre Lecomte du Nui . . .

In his will, and Ki-appointed sole legitimate heir of his fortune niece Simone, the daughter of his brother Herve. Father and mother got it only a quarter, guaranteed by the law of inheritance. But Maupassant's very worried about the fate of wedlock.

True, while the upper classes was to throw illegitimate children. Marriage to a woman would be a simple, of course, a disaster for Maupassant, who in 1883 did his utmost to get into society.

Nor should we overlook the fact that Maupassant and Flaubert as was an outspoken opponent of marriage. Nevertheless, Guy repeatedly subjected to this temptation. Approximately in 1887, Guy met the Countess de X. young, beautiful, understated and elegant woman. This unknown lady and is addressed, perhaps, his letter of Tunisia on October 19, 1887: "Since yesterday evening I was like a lost, I dream about you. A mad desire to see you again, you see right now, here, before me, suddenly overwhelmed me heart . . . Do not you feel like it comes from me and flies around you, this desire? . . And most of all I would like to see your eyes, your gentle eyes . . . A few weeks later I leave Africa. Once again I see you. You will come to me, not you, my beloved? you come to me in . . . " Continuation of writing, alas, is unknown.

Perhaps this would have saved his marriage. But . . . as noted by Dr. Blanche: "Maupassant was too great an artist to marry . . . " The hero of the novel "Mont-Oriol" says: "She did not realize that this man was a lover of the breed, but not the fathers of rock . . . "

With Marie Kahn Guy was familiar since the days of "Mont-Auriol. " He came to Marie in Saint-Raphael, talked about her with the Princess Mathilde.

"Coming from the alleged eastern aristocracy, - said Andre Vial - Marie Kahn was actually a Ukrainian Jew. " Goncourt, described as beautiful, "has settled on the couch casually uh Cannes - big eyes, circled by dark circles, eyes, full of bliss peculiar to brunettes, face the color of the tea roses, a black beauty spot on her cheek, mocking the curved lips, a deep neckline, opening snow-white neck with blue veins, and the lazy, relaxed movements, which sometimes be guessed feverish passion. This woman has a very special, languid and ironic charm, which mixes with unexplained seductiveness of Russian women: the intellectual perversion in the eyes of the naive and the murmur of voices .

Photo — «Guy De Maupassant»

. . " Marie Kahn did not hesitate to prove his love Ki-location, once left Paul Bourget. It became the official mistress of Maupassant and boasted that she received from her lover's 2500 letters! However, many are subjected to the figure in question.

Genevieve Straw was no less attractive. Georges Bizet's widow, she remarried a lawyer Emile Straw. Educated, lively, intelligent, expressive appearance with tricky kids, more piquant than beautiful. Guy seduced the mistress of the cabin. He wrote to a young widow, from May 1884: "I know that is not fully accepted, that a lady came to dinner at a bachelor. But I do not quite understand that in this unseemly, if the lady will be able to meet the women with whom she is close familiar with. " Later, the Goncourt asserted that Madame threw Straw would do anything for this "trader's prose. " She was, in any case, a devoted ally of Ki.

Haunted Maupassant Jeanne Marguerite de Sagan, a trendsetter, the daughter of a major financier Baron Ceyer. They made sea voyages . . .

In 1888 Pototskaya continued to occupy a special place in the life of Guy de Maupassant. Guy writes to her: "But it should be a magical dream - a journey with you, I'm not talking about the charm of your personality, which I have here . . . but I do not know the woman who would be better embodied my idea of ??a perfect traveler . . . " Once Guy and Countess were on the shore of the island. Pototskaya exclaimed: "Look, what a beautiful grotto! He's gay. Just as the Capri! . . Gee, wait me here a minute!" After a while the countess called him. He went to where the laughter was heard. Her naked body in a shimmering blue of the whitened grotto . . .

The next day he wrote Pototskaya: "I love you, I'm looking for you, I still keep your hot shade in my arms. "

The upshot of their relationship is tragic: Guy and Pototskaya know horrible death. She died, abandoned by all, in Passy, ??during the Nazi occupation . . .

October 20, 1888, Maupassant goes to the third trip to Africa. Probably in the winter of that year, Guy met with Allumoy. He described the Arab woman in the same story, which appeared immediately after the adventure. "Her eyes, sunburnt desire to seduce, to conquer the desire of the man, which gives the feline charm insidious view women lured me enslaved . . . That was a brief struggle one view, silent, fierce, eternal struggle between the two beasts in human form, male and female in which the male is always the loser. " In the spring of 1889 he returned to Paris, Maupassant.

The writer was not only a desire for change places. Neither depression nor migraines or sore eyes, or even work, no secret children, or attempts to conduct a way of life - nothing could reduce his insatiable, overwhelming desire for a woman. How many were there? Three hundred? - As he admitted in one of his stories. Or more? Perhaps he had lost count of them. "I collect them. There are people I meet only once a year. On the other I meet once every ten months, with the third - once a quarter. With some destiny pushes me only in their death-bed, with several - when they want to go have dinner with me cabaret . . . " Hermine's brother, who was patronized Guy, said: "I believe that Maupassant would start them with ease, as they were to meet his wishes. "

The writer was proud of his untiring love, no less than his literary works. Maupassant often said that the main reason for his success with women - his mind. "Most people believe that members of the lower strata of society (. . . ) much better lovers than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. I do not think so (. . . ) it is necessary that the person had a brain, and only then can give someone else a higher pleasure. "

Maupassant whole life searching for the perfect woman. "I love only one single woman - stranger, welcome, coveted - the one that owns my heart, still invisible to the eye, the one that I give in my dreams every conceivable perfection . . . " But this woman does not exist, and he knew it perfectly.

And he mercilessly admitted: "I have never loved. "

And yet, was there among all the females one - he most needed? Hermine? Pototskaya? Marie Kahn? Littselman?

Or "The Lady in Gray"? She appeared in the life of Guy along with Marie Cannes. At the end of June 1890, she came to Maupassant several times. In March 1891, Maupassant met with her in Cannes at the villa. She appeared in the August and September . . . Maupassant described the woman: "Everything I like about it. The fragrance of her perfume intoxicated me: the smell of her body drives me to distraction. The beauty of her form, her seductiveness unutterable failures and consents excites me to distraction. Do not eat me such joy, never tell anyone did not give such a pleasure . . . "

"Lady in Gray" shared with him not only a passion for drugs. Guy boasts his vices, which it encouraged. He organized festivals, which indulged in unrestrained revelry. How many of them have these dinners in the spirit of the Regency (the reign of the wicked Philippe d'Orleans)? With cheerful ladies who belonged to all . . .

But who is this femme fatale, which, according to Assistant Maupassant, hastened the death of the host "their tricks too passionate woman who has never known the satisfaction '?

Dr. Giselle? Estok, received at birth name Marie-Paule Debar. As a teenager, she and her friend Jeanne d admired? Arc. Girls become lovers. The unfolding scandal forced Marie-Paule move to Paris, where she plunged into the vortex of metropolitan life. Little Giselle wrote, molded, painted, lectured, attractive for journalists. Her ideas, the origins of which should look at George Sand, flourish in an environment of suffragettes in 1900.

First visit to the street Maupassant Dyulon Giselle caused most likely by April 1884. He wanted to see her again. The letter Guy has made a photo and in return she sent out his own, which depicts a nude . . . Guy sent her risque lyrics "Desire Faun" (the one that opened my love):

Oh, the flesh trembles, heaves, getting drunk,

The soul trembles as a string - and that's

My mind, lust plameneya,

All calls to new pleasures . . .

Giselle made no secret of his penchant for perversion. Guy encouraged Giselle, assuming, however, that the experiments are too bold. Soon Guy began to lengthen the intervals between dating. But they continued to maintain a relationship until 1888 - at that time the writer's health has deteriorated significantly.

Literary work of Guy de Maupassant had brought fame and fortune. By the end of his life he had four houses and two yachts. But the insidious disease undermined his health. Late in life he developed hallucinations. He once even tried to cut his throat. He was placed in one of the Parisian mental hospitals. The heart of Guy de Maupassant stopped beating July 6, 1893 at 11 hours and 45 minutes of the day.

His last words were: "Darkness, oh darkness!"