VLADIMIR MAYAKOVSKIY

Russian poet. The reformer of poetic language. Had a great influence on world poetry of the XX century. The author of the plays "Mystery Bouffe" (1918), "The Bug" (1928), "Bath" (1929), poems, "Love" (1922), "About That" (1923), "Good!" (1927) and others.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born July 19, 1893 on the birthday of his father, because they called him Vladimir. Family Mayakovsky lived then in Georgia, in the village of Baghdad, where his father worked as a forester. In the village lived alone Georgians, only Mayakovskys were Russian, and in childhood Volodya knew the Georgian language. He soon fell in love with books, learned to read at the age of six. When the time came to prepare the high school, my mother took him to Kutaisi, where I studied older sisters, Olga and Luda. For a year before he was to be transferred to Kutaisi Forestry, head of the family died of blood poisoning.

Mayakovsky's family was left without funds. I had to sell the furniture to get money for food. As the eldest daughter, Luda studied in Moscow, his mother decided to move the family to the capital. After many requests, and walking on the officials, succeeded retired 50 rubles a month. Money is not enough, and chose the cheapest room, so the neighbors were always Mayakovsky students. So Vladimir, not for years tall and serious, was involved in revolutionary activities. He read the flyers, leaflets, books illegal.

In 1908, Vladimir joined the RSDLP. Then followed a series of arrests. In prison he began to write poetry. In 1911 he entered the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. In 1912 appeared the first publication of his works.

Vladimir Mayakovsky often spoke at literary gatherings. He could not help but draw attention to themselves: tall, handsome, cocky, he loved debate and discussion with the audience.

In 1915, Mayakovsky wrote the poem "A Cloud in Trousers". It was a love poem, but then it has consistently called revolutionary and anti-bourgeois. The first edition of poems was published Osip Brik in September 1915, and the publication contained a large amount of censorship cuts. However, the plot of the poem "A Cloud in Trousers" - it's unrequited love for the poet. The heroine of the poem, Mary, and promised to come did not come to visit. Pain and anger dement lyrical. And this pain, jealousy, unsatisfied desire, and make him curse this world and its orders, and his morality.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was ready to love the huge, beautiful and incredible love, far from vulgarity and philistinism. And in such a state of readiness and willingness of great love, he met Lili Brik, a woman of extraordinary and brilliant. "She was able to be sad, feminine, whimsical, majestic, empty, non-permanent, loving, intelligent, and whatever" - remembered her Viktor Shklovsky. She knew how mad men - perhaps it was her main calling in life.

Photo — «Vladimir Mayakovskiy»

And thanks to this vocation she managed to live a long and beautiful - sometimes difficult, sometimes impossible - but always bright and mostly pretty happy life. It's far outlived its troubadour, a knight of the poetic and generous lover - Vladimir Mayakovsky.

The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky met with the couple Brick - Osip Maksimovich and Lily Yurievna the summer of 1915, although it was already known sister Lilechka - Elsa. The fate of Lily and Elsa - this is a special affair. We will only say that their childhood was held in Moscow, Yuri Kagan, a family lawyer. Their mother, graduated from the Moscow Conservatory as a pianist. Both grew up lovely, wonderful girls, and he grew up, showed the same undeniable talent - talent absolute femininity that can unequivocally to subjugate all the men who met on the way.

However, Elsa first fell in love with Mayakovsky and was not afraid to bring it into the house a married older sister Lily. However, her marriage with Osip Brik at that time was not so strong, he seemed from the outside. Warm friendship has linked the couple, but as mad desires and passions of untamed . . . This is just succeeded temperamental young poet, bluntly and directly express their feelings and literally dying without female affection and tenderness. Lily Yu recalled the beginning of an affair with the poet: "It was an attack. Volodya did not just fall in love with me, he attacked me. Two and a half years I did not have a quiet moment - literally. Push it scared me, the growth of its mass, irrepressible , unbridled passion. His love was immeasurable. When I met him, he immediately ran wildly for me to look after, and walked around the dark of my fans. I remember, he said: "Lord, how I like it when tormented, jealous . . . "

By the way, he would then own experience this excruciating jealousy, even in relation to Leela. But for now . . . Lily Yu - the only character in the life and work of Mayakovsky. Beginning in 1915, he devoted all her poems. And when in 1928 came the first Volume of his collected works, the dedication reads: L. YU. B.

It is difficult now, after so much time to understand the complicated love triangle Volodya Lily-Osia. Far survived both, Lily Yu later tried to smooth over in his memoirs, the sharp corners of relations: "Since 1915, my relationship with OM moved to a purely friendly, and that love could not overshadow nor my friendship with him, nor the friendship of Mayakovsky and Brik. Over the past three years they have become necessary to each other - they were on the road and in the arts, in politics, and in all. All we have decided to never give up and lived life close friends. " They lived in an apartment the three of us, rather, four of them, as Mayakovsky wrote the poem "Good!":

square yards of housing.

in the room -

and dog

We lived as friends? Lilya and Volodya, or - as lovers, and with axes - as a friend? Or is Lily with Osei - as a husband, and Volodya - as a lover? Andrei Voznesensky, talking one day with Lily Yurievna heard from her mouth recognition, which left him in shock.

Photo — «Vladimir Mayakovskiy»

Here's something to remember in his old years, the former muse of the poet: "I loved making love to the axes. We were locked in the kitchen Volodya. He was eager, like us, scratching at the door and cried. " Which of the memories closer to the truth, judge for yourself. One thing is certain: Vladimir Mayakovsky madly jealous of Lily wrote about this in his poem "The Backbone Flute":

I am instead to early

in horror, that you love taken away,

and shouting in line vygranival,

already half-mad jeweler.

All the revolutionary exhortations about free love, as opposed to the bourgeois middle-class family, very fashionable at the time in practice results in human tragedies.

Mr Putin went mad with the thought that he loved a woman may belong to someone else:

In addition to your love,

no sun

but I do not know where you are and with whom.

He wrote to her that in 1916, in the famous poem "Lilichka! Instead of writing". It seems that not a single Russian woman poet did not write such a passionate and adoring lines, as Mayakovsky, his Leela.

Yes, he felt, was jealous, make a scene. But the couple Brik, according to the memories, no quarrels arose out of jealousy. Mayakovsky, of course, needed a Brik into this troubled time. He helped to survive - proletarian poet, a party member since 1908, head of the LEF. Osia Brick meanwhile, was a theorist and LEF theorist of proletarian art. How else would they have survived? Mayakovsky was a "cover" the banner of proletarian in petty Brik apartment, besides the material is also a good help. In fact, in letters to Lilya Brik poet constantly reminded that she went into a particular publishing house or newspaper, for his fee, and letters from abroad, he asked if she needed money to buy and what else? However, Brik and have done a lot for the poet. Lily inspired him to creativity. Osia published his poems, promoted them, summed theoretical basis for the "futurism. " Briks introduced Mayakovsky in terms of the cultural elite of the time, but his love for Lily Mayakovsky was too earnest, too vast, too demanding and . . . proprietary. "Volodya so boring - Lily Yu complained. - He even arranges jealousy. " He could not "give" their feelings with the degree of lightness and grace, which are accepted among the educated and intelligent people.

October 26, 1921, Mayakovsky wrote:

"My dear my dear my love, my beloved Lisik! Courier letters must pass printed out so terribly unpleasant that no unauthorized reading something soft. I take that b Vinokurovskoy convenient opportunity to write you this letter. I miss you, I miss you - but - I place I do not find myself (especially today!) and think only of you. I do not go anywhere, I wandered from corner to corner, I look at your empty closet - kiss your card and your signature kisyachie. Reba often roar now.

Photo — «Vladimir Mayakovskiy»

I'm so - so do not feel like I want you to forget! Nothing can be more dreary life without you. Do not forget me, I love you a million times more than all the rest put together. I see no wonder no one wants to talk but you. happy day in my life will be - your arrival. Love me, my child. Take care of yourself detik a rest - not whether you want to write something? kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss kiss and kiss Your 26 / X '21

If you do nothing you will not write about myself, I go mad.

Do not forget Love.

I am sending you a little bit on the spirits.

Kitty came here any favors their (spirits or something) like to think every day that you come looking for favors.

A whole. Your Kisses

Write great detail Your Puppy "

(Spelling and punctuation - Vladimir Mayakovsky).

Lily of his love just tired, but he felt it, and humbly asked pardon for his neuemnost, but his prayers and incantations could not return her love. In 1922, Lily began a new novel, and although the poet still loved her, he had to accept, at least outwardly, its variability, and relationships have become more even. 1924 was a watershed in the development of their relationship. Preserved a note from Lily Brik to Mayakovsky, in which she said she had no previous experience more feelings for him, adding: "It seems to me that you love me very much smaller and will not suffer. "

In autumn 1924, Mayakovsky went to Paris. After staying a week in the French capital, Brik, Mayakovsky wrote a letter. He still loves Lily and immensely affected. After his return from America in 1925, relations between them finally moved into a new phase. "The nature of our relationship has changed," - wrote Brick. This allowed to settle again in 1926 three, in an apartment in the alley Gendrikovskom.

In autumn 1928, Mayakovsky again went to Paris. Apart from the purely literary affairs, and the trip had another purpose. October 20, he went to Nice, where the rest of his Russian-American friend Dorothy Jones and her daughter, whom he recognized her. Judging from the letters of Dorothy Jones, a meeting in Nice was a failure, after 25 October, he returned to Paris.

In autumn 1928, Mayakovsky was bored in Paris. Elsa Triolet, the sister of Lily Brik, the future wife of Louis Aragon, introduced him to a young Russian, who came to Paris in 1925, Tatiana Yakovleva, which could distract him from his gloomy thoughts, and it is quite possible. Tatiana Yakovleva recalled that Mayakovsky was once charmed her. And he was shocked that she knew by heart many of his poems. "But I do not really believe that Mayakovsky fell in love for poetry, - said later Yakovlev - I just was very beautiful, I'm used to that fall. Of course, it was interesting to speak with a Russian. Besides, I very friendly terms at the time of Aragon, considered the best poet of his time .

Photo — «Vladimir Mayakovskiy»

. . "

In February 1929 he returned to Paris and stayed in France for six weeks. They spent much time together, but rarely left alone. He was an amazing talent to care for, Tatiana admitted later. Flowers, talking about poetry, standing under the windows . . . And that's what she wrote about Mayakovsky to his mother: "I saw him every day and with very good friends. If I ever belonged to the well to my fans, it's him, in a large fraction of his talent. But more of due to the amazing and literally touching me attitude. (. . . ) This is the first person who managed to leave a trace in my soul. " Artist VI Shukhaiev testified: "Mayakovsky gave the impression of a quiet love. Tatiana obviously admired and admiring them, proud of his talent. "

When the poet came to an end a visa and had to return to Russia, he tried to convince Tanya to marry him. She asked me to give her time to think. He wrote in one of two famous poems dedicated to Tatiana Yakovleva:

I do not care

ever take -

or together with Paris.

Lilya Brik, these verses do not like. Some believe that the will Brikov Mayakovsky not released abroad when he was going for Tatiana. Yakovlev also recalls that before his death, Lilya Brik wrote her a letter, which acknowledged that broke everything in the house, when I read poetry Volodya "Letter to Tatiana Yakovleva". She did not want to live with him and love him, but I wanted to torture him all his life and be his only muse. It is difficult to say whether it was true that Briks were to blame for that Mayakovsky was unable to travel to Paris to marry Tatyana Yakovleva. Only for certain well known that after the departure of Mayakovsky began to look for Tanya Breton Count du Plessis. The whole family was happy Yakovleva this acquaintance, and without much hesitation, she agreed to marry him.

Upon learning of her engagement with the graph of Tatiana's letter of Elsa Triolet, which is read out aloud in his presence, Lilya Brik, Mayakovsky was beside himself. Many years later, Yakovlev said about his relationship with Mayakovsky: "He was well aware that, for me it is not just a celebrity. I grew up in an environment of famous people. Artists, writers and artists. For example, the artist Manet was much better known than Mayakovsky. Just Mayakovsky I liked it. And as a man and as a poet, whom I knew, knew and loved . . . "

In addition to personal troubles, acted on Mayakovsky depressing political environment, which is extremely complicated in 1929. The country was on the eve of Stalin's terror.

Mayakovsky exhibition "20 years" boycotted all writers. Staging "Bath" was subjected to sharp criticism. After the departure of Brik's apartment unexpectedly moved one of Mayakovsky Leo Elbert, who left almost shorthand record of the last monologue cornered poet. Here he is petting a dog Bulka: "Do not climb, Bulechka, you can not annoy me.

Photo — «Vladimir Mayakovskiy»

Men have become very nervous. You see yourself in love? Not happen? Maybe - fail. There will be war, the revolution will be, and then - you will love it. Have you read Chernyshevsky" What should I do? "I'm currently reading. My book is a definite side. Then the problem was to get out of the family, and now to come in, build a family. It is very difficult . . . "

He really wanted to build a family. But . . . "No woman can hope that he gets going with Lily. Meanwhile, when he happened to fall in love, but a woman of self-preservation did not want to mutilate their own destiny, knowing that Mayakovsky destroy her little life and would not take much to other, then he would come into despair and madness. When the apogee is, the infinite, a rare feeling he met, he fled from him, "- wrote to Elsa Triolet. And then she concludes: "That rush from one to another -" Don Juan, the crucified love. "

Mayakovsky became interested in the actress Veronica Vitoldovnoy Polonskaya, who was married to Michael Yanshin. When Veronica anxiously asked her lover, to say that Lily Yu if he finds out about their relationship, she heard in reply, that Lily Y. says something like: "You live with Norochkoy . . . Well, that approve of. " He said it has noticed "Norochka", sadly.

Even on the last day of his life, a few minutes before the shot, the poet an ultimatum Polonsky. Mayakovsky did not let Veronica from her apartment. She explained to him that he should talk with her husband, that is late to the theater for rehearsal. He did not want to hear anything. He said that he would go to the theater to talk with her husband, but she will not let go.

That responded to the ultimatum of 22 year-old actress? "I told him I loved him, I will be with him, but I can not stay here now . . . - wrote in his memoirs Polonskaya. - I am a human being is enough love and respect my husband and I can not deal with him since. " But promised that the evening will certainly be back. And not just back, and will move permanently. This did not suit Mayakovsky. "He continued to insist that all was right away, or just do not want anything. "

At this they parted. He kissed her and asked them not to worry and put twenty rubles a taxi - in money matters, Mayakovsky was unusually scrupulous.

Beloved came out, but did not manage to get to the front, as a shot rang out. "I have legs gave way, I screamed and rushed down the hall: could not bring himself to enter. " But not yet cleared the smoke - and it has already entered. "Vladimir lying on the rug, his arms outstretched. On the breast was a tiny speck bloody. "

He left a letter that begins with a derived, in large letters - EVERYONE! In the third paragraph, only three words: "Lily - love me!"