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(By B. Roshchupkin, A. and E. Kolpakidi Prudnikova.)
Hitler′s other exploration and develop plans for the attack on Stalin, believing that the removal of the High Chief of the Soviet Union would cause serious political damage and affect the course of the war. All-powerful "red leader" in the war in serious danger.
Special Third Reich produced a number of agents. Zasylaemye in Moscow, the German terrorists, as it turned out later, had the task to eliminate Stalin and other members of the State Defense Committee (GKO) on the way to the Kremlin or from it. Agents have descriptions of vehicles used by members of T-bills, as well as the routes they followed.
Of course, in Moscow on all routes during the day and night patrolling the best dressed in plain clothes agents, outdoor surveillance, especially on the Arbat and more on Kutuzovsky prospect - before giving Stalin in Kuntsevo. In addition, the homes on these streets, and other observers on duty, who had links with the headquarters and snipers posted on rooftops. All this was done surreptitiously.
Later it turned out that the anticipated attack, and at the very cottage where the evening met the members of the Politburo and treasury bills. But here the enemy was doomed to failure. The area of forest in Kuntsevo behind air fighter aircraft, based at Vnukovo and Cuban airfields. In addition, at the point where now stretches the new housing estate Krylatskoe, posted an anti-aircraft artillery batteries. And in the most difficult days of the giving of the Supreme Defense of Moscow in the event of a breakthrough land-opponent or landing covered tank units.
The fact that the Germans were preparing to remove Stalin′s surprise it was. Much less is known, that the destruction of the Soviet leader ready to militarist Japan. That problem had to carefully examine the veteran Foreign Service Anatoly Nikolaev, a member of the Soviet part of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, working in Tokyo. As described in our days Anatoly, during consideration of the prosecution section of "Japan′s aggression against the Soviet Union" were provided strong evidence that Japanese intelligence not only to carry out subversive and sabotage activities against the USSR, but also produced a special on the assassination of Stalin. Many years of this, we simply were not to talk.
Today, only a narrow circle of specialists familiar data that the terrorist act against Stalin intended to attract the Japanese secret service defector Lyushkova. Shortly before the border conflict in Lake Khasan June 13, 1938 in Manchuria fled head of the NKVD in the Far East, Heinrich Lyushkov, who was one of the trustees and leaders of the NKVD Ezhova Agranova, participated in the investigation of the assassination of Kirov, and "conspiracy" against Stalin .
Lyushkov everything he knew, revealed to the Japanese General Staff. In particular, he reported on the work of deeply conspiratorial group of military intelligence. (This was the team of Richard Zorge. Fortunately, the betrayer did not know his name, and thus did not give the possibility to arrest special agent.) Moreover, Lyushkov talk about dezinformatsionnyh activities of individual Red Far Eastern Army, and plans for deployment of its parts.
In the book "An attack on Stalin′s" Hiyama Japanese author refers to the estimated Koichiro Koizumi, an officer of the 5 th Division of the Imperial Army General Staff: "Information that reported Lyushkov have been extremely valuable to us ..." Nevertheless, in Tokyo, refused to from nominations Lyushkova as perpetrators of terrorist acts against Stalin. Obviously, because he was quite well-known figure, and it certainly would have learned.
Even in 1929 at a meeting of the Japanese military attache, convened in Berlin, discussed methods of sabotage, which were to be conducted of the European countries in the anticipated war against the USSR. The meeting identified the use of overseas ex-White. In this direction the Japanese General Staff of the specific expectations of subversive activities against the Soviet Union connected with the leader of the Russians in Manchuria beloemigrantov Atamanov Semyonov and White leader of Manchuria in the "Union of Russian patriots" Rodzaevskim.
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CHIEF (STALIN)" |
At the meeting the Japanese military attache in Berlin, also discussed the issue of espionage against the Soviet Union, held in Tokyo by intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union. In doing so, particularly active in the implementation of the subversive and sabotage activities against our country has been Lieutenant-General Hiroshi Oshima. In 1936-1938 years he served as military attache in Japan, Germany, and in the years 1938-1939 and 1941-1945 years was the ambassador. At the same time convincing proof of the subversive activities of the joint special Berlin and Tokyo to the Soviet Union was reyhsfyurera Himmler a memorandum about the meeting with Ambassador Oshima in Berlin on 31 January 1939.
The document reads: "Today I visited the General Oshima ... We discussed the conclusion of a treaty by which the triangle Germany - Italy - Japan took a firm shape. He told me also that, together with the German equipment (abver) carries out extensive work on the decomposition of Russia through the Caucasus and Ukraine. However, the organization will become effective only in the event of war. " And further: "To do this, he (Oshima) was able to send ten Russians with bombs across the Russian border. They were ordered to kill Russian Stalin. A large number of other Russians, whom he also sent, were shot dead at the border ...
Berlin, January 31, 1939
Reyhsfyurer SS Himmler. "
Oshima himself at the Tokyo process yulil, twisted, trying to confuse the court. But with a special hard-General denied their actions in preparing the assassination of Stalin. And at the same time acknowledged that the attack on the High was a very risky business. There is evidence that Stalin planned to kill in the Caucasus - in Matsesta, where he bathes. It must have been bursting shoot bullets. This operation is considered a risk that the return of a group of terrorists, even the plan had been made. She was named "Bear."
To carry out the attempt was to be a group of six members of emigrant "Union of Russian patriots." Their names: Bezymensky, Lebedenko, Malhak, Smirnov, Surkov and Zelenin. They had to cross to get USSR and in Sochi. Stalin liked to take baths and Matsesta treatment at that time was in the bathroom alone. Lyushkov at one time was head of the Azov-Black Sea NKVD administration, knew the whole ritual of "washing" to the subtleties and developed a plan of attack.
At night the pressure of water in the bath reduced the body, its level fell, and could be on the water to get to the underground storage. The height of about 3 meters. In the corner there was a hatch in the ceiling, which had in storage, where the broom, rags and other cleaning facilities. So you can enter it in the bath building. In the boiler operated by two technicians who were to be replaced by terrorists. The camp in Changchun erected mock shell. Terrorists have learned to deal with the mechanisms that no one had suspected that the technology is not technology. After Stalin′s arrival, two dressed in robes technicians should open the hatch and let rest. Then assumed to destroy the security and then to kill Stalin. Everything was thought out in detail. At rehearsals in nine cases out of ten fail to respond protection.
In early January 1939 a group sailed to Naples on the ship "Asia-maru." January 17, she already was in Naples, on 19 January in Istanbul.
January 25, the terrorists approached the border of the village Borchka. However, when the gunmen entered the cleft, which assumed to enter the territory of the USSR, they hit the machine gun. Three were killed, others fled. The Japanese did not establish the reasons for failure. However, by rede can let the following facts.
Even in Dayrene near the hotel where the group lived, was detained some Chinese, who during the search found a note: "Watch for us. Leo. " The Chinese managed to escape, the personality and Leo never installed. However, there is reason to assume that the group was the NKVD agent.
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CHIEF (STALIN)" |
In the same 1939, the Japanese attempted to carry on the mausoleum of the mine in slow motion, which is expected to blow up on May 1, at 10 o′clock in the morning. But all the same Leo warned chekistov, and a second attempt also failed.
There were technical measures and security leader. Suppose that the special agents of the enemy succeeded podkaraulit cars with government leaders. But then they can expect a disappointment. Government vehicles are not traveling alone, as a group, with the movement, they often changed their place in the column. Cars, the latest limousine at the time the USSR ZiS-101, had no external distinguishing features - all one color. So, to determine in which one leader, and where the guards, it was difficult.
American Packard, which typically went Stalin had armored shell and bullet-proof glass. In addition, this car as a protective device has a system of spraying poison gas. His weight without passengers to 7 tons. Such "battleships" were not afraid of any shots fired at close range from a rifle or assault rifle or hand grenades. Seriously affect the movement of private cars Stalin could only landmine explosion of high-power or anti-tank mine, which had to be secretly lay on the route of the car. But to do so at the time it was simply impossible.
In 1943, the armament of Wehrmacht, a new anti - jet manual 82-mm grenade launcher, the predecessor of the famous "faustpatrona. Since the distance to 150 meters, rocket-propelled grenade could pierce armor up to a thickness of 200 mm. But by the time the hands of German intelligence and sabotage service were already - they have not been able to make plans. Although a few samples of the grenade in the same year he appeared in Moscow, but only as trophies, which were studied in the laboratory of one of the Military Artillery Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky.
At the Tokyo trial, General Oshima guilt is not admitted. This dyed intelligence, he could not so easy to admit. We need very strong evidence, evidence. But in the end as a result of hard work have found evidence of guilt General. Among them - evidence of Japanese military officers, the written testimony of Semenova and Rodzaevskogo protocol interrogation of one of the major German war criminals - Hess and other documents. Of course, it was difficult to collect them. And here is why.
2 September, 1945 Japan signed the instrument of surrender. The bombing at that time was not, but on the Tokyo, like giant candles, weeks were huge pillars of smoke. The Japanese tried to destroy their archives, including the intelligence, that the traces of war crimes. For all departments and agencies hastily burned an enormous amount of paperwork. Yet the prosecution has a large number of found documents. The International Military Tribunal on the basis of recognized ex-Lieutenant-General Imperial Army Oshima guilty verdict and wrote: "Defendant Oshima, in Berlin, was engaged in secret subversive activities directed against the Soviet state and its leaders, in discussing these issues with Himmler."
Today, well-known details of the "long jump", developed by the Germans against the participants of the Tehran Conference in late 1943, so will not dwell on it.
Another attempt by German security services have made in 1943, throw in the USSR two terrorists, one of which was whether a person named, or named Shiloh.
Shyla (aka Politov) was born in 1909 in the family fist. In 1932, managed to change the name, becoming the Peter Ivanovich Tavrinym. In 1942 he was called into the army, and May, 30, 1942, went to the intelligence passed on the side of the Germans. In June 1943, Tavrin had agreed to work for German intelligence. Soon, very obershturmbannfyurer HS Greyfe, head of the Eastern Division VI Management RSHA, invited him to perform special tasks of special importance.
To consolidate the loyalty, Tavrina sent first in Pskov, which was forced to engage in punitive operations, and then to Riga, where under the guidance of the Chief of the team "Zeppelin" Major Kraus, he was trained.
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CHIEF (STALIN)" |
Came to Moscow, "Major General" was to kill Stalin in one of two developed plans. First: find the path of Stalin, and shoot at the car of his armor-piercing shells. To do this, experts from the secret laboratories abvera developed a unique weapon "pantserknakke (progryzayuschy armor"). This short recoilless gun caliber 30 mm. The shells were able to punch her 45-millimeter armor from a distance of up to 300 meters. Cannon was a compact and straps fastened to his right hand.
In addition, terrorists have a magnetic mine, heavy-duty with remote fuse. Tavrin had to try to get to some commemorative meeting of the Government or to a meeting with the military leadership of Stalin, and where to implement the attack.
But nothing happened. The first presentation of the proposed transaction was ... from the tailor from Riga, who worked on our intelligence. He asked a man with a strange order: he had to leather coats to Soviet models with very large pockets and the empowerment of sleeves (for "pantserknakke). So Tavrina had under surveillance even in Riga.
On the night of 4 to 5 September Tavrina on a special plane "Arad-332, which can sit almost anywhere in the world, moved through the front line. However, it was not all right. To ensure the landing of aircraft, preliminarily on our territory has been ejected Aerodromnaya team. It is just and overexploitation smershevtsy. On questioning aerodromschiki split and told everything he knew. Beginning the game. It gave "good" and have to wait for the guests. And once again intervened in case. At podlete "Arad" was fired anti-aircraft artillery, was damaged, and sat in another area.
Shortly operatives rayupravleniya started scour the area. By morning, the patrol stopped a motorcycle, which went to men and women. Replying to questions, from which they come, a man described as the initial point dele, separated from the landing place at 200 km: the place of the forced landing, he did not know! And then the terrorists brought rain. It turns out that they were four hours in transit, but their clothes were dry. However, the senior patrol behaved intelligently, does not extradite its own suspicions that he transmitted Tavrina and Shilov in the near commandant ostensibly to put a note in командировочном identity. There, they celebrated travel, motorcycle searched. The three suitcases were found 7 pistols, 5 grenades, a mine, "pantserknakke and projectiles to it, as well as 116 different seals and stamps of more than 400 thousand rubles. It failed and the attempt to assassinate Stalin.
But not only the Japanese and German secret services have tried to remove Stalin. American historian Burton Hersh writes that the plans for the assassination of Stalin after the war developed and the recent Soviet allies - the Americans. The plan was approved by the assassination of Stalin in 1952, the CIA deputy director Alan Dulles. But CIA Director W. Smith suspended its implementation for fear of unpredictable political consequences. In what proved to be very dalnoviden: At the beginning of 1953, "the great red dictator" has died its death.
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 French actor and film. Roles in Theater: Michelle ( "terrible parent"), Nero ( "Britannica"), Lear (King Lear), and others appeared in films: "Eternal return", "Beauty and the Beast," " , Orpheus "," Captain Frakass, " The Count of Monte Cristo, " Iron Mask "," hunchback "," Fantomas ", etc. |
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