GOSI

(ca. 1020-1090)

The highest flowering of medieval Chinese culture reached in VII-XIII centuries, in times of education of two major states - Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279). A supreme achievement of the arts has become a painting that covered diverse range of life events, reflecting the admiration of people in the beauty of nature.

The best-known landscape tanskimi whether Sysyun (651-716), Li Chzhaodao (670-730) and Wang Wei (699-759).

"Their work shows how varied were the way of landscape painting - says NA Vinogradov. - Landscapes Sysyunya Lee and Lee Chzhaodao bright and saturated colors. The blue and malachite-green mountains surrounded by a gold border, which makes the picture looked like a jewel. Landscapes Wang Wei, written with black ink on golden silk, softer and air. Dali are hardly traced, as if they are melting in the distant fog, and all nature seems to calm and quiet. His paintings were so poetic that contemporaries said: "His poetry - painting, his paintings - the verse. "

The manner of Wang Wei seen as the primary sunskie painters, who mainly wanted to transfer the lyrical beauty and harmony of nature.

Designed back in time tanskoe peculiar laws of perspective, of building space and color reaches a high perfection in landscapes Guo Xi, which entered the history of art of monumental landscape tradition zavershitelem X-XI centuries.

The artist continued to develop innovative features of a landscape, and Dong Jing Hao Yuan, Cheng Li and Xu Daonina. Guo Xi stressed harm blind copy: "Great people and scientists are not confined to one school, and certainly combine, compare, widely discussed, carefully study the (existence), to create its own school, and only then reach the desired".

About the life of Guo Xi knows a little bit. In all likelihood, he was born between the years 1020-1025 and died before 1100. This is what informs contemporary artist Goh Jo-sgoy, to finish his "Notes on Painting" in 1082:

"Guo Xi comes from the county Vep in Heyane. Currently holds the position of tutor in the art department at the Imperial Shu-yuan. Writes a winter forest landscapes. Pictures of its skilled and diverse compositions - spatially deep. Although he studied and admired Ying-цю, but was able to express their own feelings. The huge screens and high walls (his paintings) are much stronger (than that of predecessors). In the current generation it is - the only one. "

Other sources have little to add: All agreed that Guo Xi Li Cheng studied, exceeded it, "created his own style, that the hand of his was" free. "

We know that between 1078 and 1085 years of Guo Xi paint twelve large screens for the Daoist temple, and that despite advanced age, the strength of its brushes are not weakened.

Photo — «Gosi»

In old age, he loved to do wall murals. Deng Chun, author of "Notes on Painting" XII century, says that once he saw Guo Xi made on relief painting of a wizard VIII century, which were used roughness wall. Guo Xi himself wanted to write a "relief" landscape. He asked not atone plaster on the wall and the buildings on the surface of wet hands, outlined a plan for future painting, using the convexity and depression. When the wall is dry, he painted it in ink and paint, and the landscape looked like "created by nature itself. "

On the creative methods the artist told his son Guo questions: "In those days, when my father taken in hand, he is sure getting a light box, for a net table, lit incense, take a thin brush and excellent ink, washed his hands, cleaned tushechnitsu. As if seen more visitors. The spirit of it was calm, focused thought. Then start to work. "

From the works of Guo Xi survived twelve scrolls and the famous treatise "On the effect of high forests and streams," which after the death of the artist was Guo race, collecting comments on the father′s painting. Son belongs to the introduction and final chapter, the father - the three main parts, which vkrapleny comments Guo race. This treatise - the best that was written in China about the art of landscape painting. Posts artist helped to understand his work.

Guo Xi, in his treatise requires contemporaries skillfully and accurately reproduce reality. He insistently calls for study of nature, Decrying those who do not have a long theoretical and practical training, considers himself a painter.

"Eyes and ears are no longer seen and not heard, but the hand of the master secret made clear. Do not leave the room, alone, it seems that sitting at the flow and the gap in the ears and sounds of birds singing and the cries of monkeys, but before my eyes the color of the water and the glow of the mountains. Are all these people are not happy thoughts and do not capture my heart! That is why the main idea of the paintings Gore is appreciated in the world. "

The painter should be well acquainted with the rules of perspective: "The mountain is close to some form. If you look at a few there, the mountain has a different shape when viewed at a distance of several dozen there - again another. Each removal makes the difference. That is why they say that the form of mountains with every step of the other. "

There is little to see, you should be able to see, and be able to choose a "major themes": "Thousands of whether Gore can not be everywhere equally beautiful, but is it may be everywhere there are beautiful ten thousand water?"

Through a series of philosophical ideas of his time, Guo Xi correlates with the nature of man, spiritualize her, gave her personal qualities: "The nature of life as a man .

Photo — «Gosi»

. . some of its organs have their own functions. Stones - a bone of nature, they must be strong, water - the blood of nature, it must be liquid. "

Come down to us a few pictures - huge monochrome landscapes Guo Xi, usually written in black ink only. "One example is the picture of Guo Xi" Autumn mist scattered over the mountains and plains. " On long horizontal scroll silk artist has fantastic fantastic mountains rising infinitely high, so that the highest peaks away from the picture. Mountains hem the broad water. The focus Guo Xi pays the transfer of air, in the image of artists sunskogo time reached a high perfection. Vague and ambiguous mountains, a few plans in the depth of the picture, as if growing out of a fog, conceal their shape at the foot and the distances to their huge distance from the first plan. The enormity of space Guo Xi stresses the comparison of proportions. Pines, located at the edge scroll is how the unit, they compare the magnitude of all other subjects. Color scale based on the subtle vibrations of tones of black mascara, strokes which are sometimes barely perceptible to the eye, sometimes succulent and brave, contributes a large picture of integrity, "- says NA Vinogradov.

The impression of another artist′s painting "Autumn in the valley of the Yellow River" passes good statement of Guo Xi: "Vision of sequence takes place in the chest, so that the eye does not see the silk, the hand does not feel the brush and mascara; громады stones rolling avalanche, mysterious, and infinite - at my picture! "

In the "early spring" Guo Xi represents a mountain, voznosyaschuyusya over the water. As the artist writes, "The mountains with light and dark are deprived of sun and shadow . . . In the mountains, where there is sun - light, where there is no sun - black, so bright and dark - a normal condition of the mountains. How can not distinguish between light and dark? "

At the beginning of XII century monumental landscapes Guo Xi has gone out of fashion, but preference was given to artists who wrote the flowers and birds. One of the scrolls the artist simply lay the table, the work of Guo Xi, decorated the palace, were replaced with new ones. But the tradition of his revived later in the epoch of Min and Qing.