ANNA AKHMATOVA

(1889-1966)

This name Gorenko. Russian poet. Author of many books of poetry: "Rosary", "Running time" the tragic cycle of poems "Requiem" for the victims of repression of the 1930′s. Many wrote about Pushkin.

Some of Russia′s wit, which passed through the crucible of war XX century, Stalin′s camps, jokingly in the years when a little eased: "In Russia needs to live a long time. " Akhmatova, as it turned out, was born in the shirt. Rare minion of fortune, she managed to live to be gray hair and die in his bed, having life-threatening gift - the gift of the poet. Like a guardian angel was determined to carry through the scorched years Russia this "relic" lost forever the old, almost legendary culture. And Akhmatova always felt that "the life of a loan," life "for someone.

Her life seemed longer than any other woman, born and died at the same time with her, because she is more than has been full of events, because not only incorporated into itself, and immediately a number of historical periods, because Akhmatova survived the many their relatives, associates, friends and enemies. All colors of Russian culture had disappeared, and she lived as if she were clothed great mission to bring to the sixties generation person of his time. "XX century began in autumn 1914 together with the war as well as the XIX Congress of Vienna began. Calendar dates do not matter . . . "Perhaps the intuition is a great poet, wrote these lines, seen the light - with her death leaves a whole era is over forever" silver age "of Russian literature.

Akhmatova′s first memories are connected with the Tsar′s village, where a large family Gorenko moved in 1890 from Odessa.

Photo — «Anna Akhmatova»

This corner of Pushkin, in the words of our heroine, was for her the same as for Vitebsk Chagall - the source of life and inspiration. Here eleven Anya wrote his first poems, but here, in spite of his father, expressed its displeasure over the publication of the first daughter, she came up with a sonorous pseudonym Akhmatova. "And the only seventeen-crazy girl could choose the name Tatar to Russian poet . . . " herself Akhmatova wrote many of her mother, who allegedly had an ancestor Akhmad Khan and which supposedly ended in Russia the Mongol yoke. Perhaps this is just a legend, but the eastern exterior of the poetess and her royal to be able to serve weighty evidence of its actual story.

Friend Akhmatova VS Sreznevsky recalled: ". . . the characteristic mouth with a sharp cut upper lip - a thin and flexible as a willow twig - with a very white skin - it is (especially in water baths Tsarskoselskaya) great swim and dive, learned that the Black Sea . . . She seemed a mermaid, accidentally swim into the dark motionless water Tsarskoselsky ponds. It is not surprising that Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev immediately and for many years, fell in love with this one, which became fatal, the woman of his muse . . . "

In the early teens Akhmatova married the famous poet Gumilev. It is long, seven years, rejected the advances of the passionate lover, but finally, still decided to marry.

Nikolai Gumilev, a man very active, stubborn, romantic, immediately took custody of the poetic talent of his young wife. He was the maestro in literary circles, for his judgments are listened to, and Anna by the time it was published only one poem in the Paris magazine "Sirius", and that worries her husband. Under the direct supervision of Gumilev was collected and the first collection of the poet "Evening", consisting of 46 poems.

Photo — «Anna Akhmatova»

But no community of interests, nor a passionate love did not make this a happy union. They were too equal of personalities, too talented, to forgive each other and endure. Akhmatova has suffered severely from the endless infidelities of her husband, he could not accept the fact that his fragile wife did not yield to him in poetry, and maybe even surpasses it recognized poet. Shortly after the birth of his son Lev, they parted. I must say that Akhmatova had bad luck with men, but the son of Akhmatova on the right could be proud of. Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev lived a long and very rich life, leaving the descendants of serious works on history and ethnicity.

Creative young Akhmatova is closely linked to Acmeism, pioneers who, in protest against the symbolism began, of course, Gumilev and Gorodetsky. However, even the block Akhmatova from the narrow confines of the literary movement, calling it one exception, not only because it had a bright talent - her love poetry was filled with forebodings of the deaf. Akhmatova as if it was given to hear the footsteps of history, global tremors of earthquakes, which catches only the cats and dogs, but aquarium fish. The feeling of insecurity of life is perhaps the defining motif in the lyrics of pre-revolutionary years.

Transparent veil falls

On the fresh turf and imperceptibly melts.

The brutal, icy spring

Nalivshiesya kidney kills.

But the early death so terrible form

I can not look at God′s world I

In my sorrow, which King David

By royally bestowed millennium.

This mysticism over the years, Akhmatova developed, created, even some of the theory of the dates and matches. October afternoon in 1964, when Khrushchev was ousted, Akhmatova, said of this event: "This Lermontov.

Photo — «Anna Akhmatova»

In his anniversary is always something terrible happens. In the century of birth, in 14 th year, the First World, the century of death in 41-m, Great Patriotic War. One hundred and fifty years - the date of so-so, well, and the event is thinner. But still, with a sign from heaven . . . "

Disasters of social transformation has prepared Akhmatova and personal trials. In 1921, on charges of counter-revolutionary conspiracy was executed Gumilev. Thirties - while continuing arrests of her son, a student at Leningrad University, and a third husband - Nikolai Lunin. She herself also lived in constant expectation of "black funnel. From the long and painful prison queues in which she held for seventeen months, was born on her famous poem "Requiem", first published fifty years after its creation. And in those years, Akhmatova was not even trust the text of the paper, only a select few in his own apartment, she recorded snatches of verse and immediately after reading the burned leaf. "It was a ritual: the hands, match, ashtray - a beautiful ceremony and sorrowful . . . " - recalls Lydia Chukovskaya of familiarity with the "Requiem".

In the terrible years of testing steel Akhmatova nature manifested in all power. It was then, not being able to not only publish, but simply to write, Akhmatova lived through this creative flight. Her poetry has risen to a truly Shakespearean proportions. Akhmatova did not think that what happened in the country - a temporary violation of the rule of law, errors of individuals. For her it was a universal catastrophe, thorough destruction of man, his moral nature.

Living under the continuous threat of the sword hanging by a thread, Akhmatova, however, survived, inexplicably failed to make the torture chamber.

Photo — «Anna Akhmatova»

It is said that Stalin called her "This monahynya. Apparently, he caught the essence of her whole character. Akhmatova was so internally restrained and self-sufficient, that we shall find no life in her tumultuous romances, breakdowns and explanations. All the love scandal remained in pre-revolutionary years. Roman Boris Anrep, who in 1923 sailed to England, the novel with Arthur Lourie, who also fled abroad with the actress Olga Sudeikina, who later became the heroine of "Poem Without a Hero" by the name of Confusion-psycho, absurd, an early marriage with Vladimir Shileiko . About him Akhmatova herself, laughing, told me that in those years for the registration of marriage was enough to merely statements about cohabitation. Shileiko assumed these empty formality. "But when, after our divorce, someone at my request, went to the office to notify the superintendent of the divorce, they found no record . . . " The last husband Nikolai Lunin after Stalin′s torture chambers to Akhmatova, too, did not return. Here, perhaps, and all the love stories of the famous poet. Do not waste it down somewhat to men, all its awe, feeling left in poetry.

Once at the end of life in Akhmatova were talking about women - they say, where are gentle, clumsy, helpless attractive woman, the same - the weaker sex. Akhmatova was rather rudely interrupted polite conversation. A weak perished. Only the strong survived. " She was sometimes immoderate, love stories, loved to drink and loved to screw in a conversation samples of conversational style. Once, when on the move enacted by Ranevskaya and her scene was supposed to sound obscene word, she warned him remark: "For us, as philologists there is no taboo words.

Photo — «Anna Akhmatova»

" And the lines:

You want comfort,

Do you know where he is - your comfort? --

explicitly revoked intonation "strong expression".

Akhmatova, as noted by witnesses, did not write poetry, and write them down, worked fragments. Continuity - deception, "- she said," is still where to begin. " If the line has been born, she missed her, after a while once again returning to the difficult passage. Her lyrics are reminiscent of the rhythm and how to write on scraps of paper, begun almost perfectly. She wrote as if without care, whether for yourself, whether for a loved one. This style was characterized by her always, but in later work, it has increased.

Akhmatova was always proud that he left the country during the tests. Ringing line, she dedicated home people. She is always aware of his asceticism and perceived poetic gift as a special martyr′s mission. When the persecution broke Brodsky, Akhmatova with a smile she said: "What makes a biography of our red-headed! As if he had someone specifically hired. And on the question of poetic destiny M. , replied: "Perfect. "

Akhmatova once read in a book, one American, that in 1937 she lived in Paris. Akhmatova quickly found otgadku this confusion. "Someone told him about Tsvetaeva, which really was then in Paris. And to Americans assumed that the world at one time there may be two Russian women, write poetry . . . - You want too much from the man. "