BRONTE SISTERS: CHARLOTTE, EMILY, ANNE

British writer, sisters: Charlotte (1816-1855) - pseudonym Carrere Bell - author of the novels "Jane Eyre" (1847), "Shirley" (1849), Emily (1818-1848) - author of the novel "Wuthering Heights" (1847) and poems, Anne (1820-1849) - author of the novel "Agnes Grey" (1847) and poems.

We must also happen that the family of Pastor Patrick Bronte was born in a row three daughters, and all three have been labeled the divine seal of the literary gift, and all were deeply unhappy because they are too different from the others, had a frail health and had no children - a case in history unique. What did not been written critique and researchers of the sisters for more than a hundred years, however only in the ways they have not guessed, this phenomenon - and trying on Freudianism, and educational methods in the home of Pastor analyzed in detail, and even the geography of English county of Yorkshire, where lived the famous sisters not paid attention. But the miracle of the Bronte family is still fraught with some lofty, inaccessible and a bit eerie mystery.

Judge for yourself. Nature, like Janus, Bronte sisters gave a generous gift of a writer, but none of the six children, the pastor did not give her opportunity to have an heir. Rod Patrick Bronte had stopped with him, because he was given the unique experience of its many households. Today, in an old house in Haworth tourists come to his eyes look humble abode, in which nearly all life had a famous sister. All survived, all in their places, like an ancient, weary loneliness that only the owner was away: a sofa, where she died, Emily, gray-green dress and Charlotte with a narrow waist and wide skirt, her incredibly tiny black shoes, tiny, minute handwriting scribbled the first home-made books Bronte sisters. On the second floor can still be seen barely visible, scrawled in pencil on the lime lines - the remnants of children's drawings.

Window of the close little room overlooks the cemetery. Gloomy landscape with moss-grown tombstones evokes melancholy thought of the impermanence of earthly existence and the vanity of all human.

Mournful list on a stone slab opens hostess Maria Bronte. Eldest daughter was only seven years younger Anne - a few months when in the infernal torments his mother died. That children do not hear the groans of the patient, they were sent to walk under the supervision of an older sister, and Patrick, his teeth clenched, drowning out the screams of the dying woman, furiously sawed the legs of chairs in his office.

Photo — «Bronte Sisters: Charlotte,
emily, Anne»

It is clear that children's experiences of small Bronte was too far from rosy, besides the pastor and the Church of England, many children's father, did not distinguish between good manners. Left alone with six small children on his hands (five girls and one boy), Patrick placed the care of babies at his sister dead - indifferent, calm aunt. Domineering, self-centered, above all appreciated your own peace, Patrick rarely condescended to communicate with their children, most of the time in the parlor, where dining alone or preparing for a sermon. When the longing became unbearable, Patrick, in a fit of desperation jumped out into the yard and shot into the air.

Children in the family brought puritanical, without exerting the slightest concessions. The food was spartan, they are always dressed in the dark - one day his father burned the boots of one of the girls due to a too bright color. There was no one to think and about their health. Wanting to give his daughters a little bit education, Patrick has sent Mary, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Emily in 1824 in a private boarding Cowan Bridge. Here the girls are faced with sophisticated brutality and sadism of teachers, disguised hypocrisy cares about children good manners. Hunger and cold are the usual companions pansionerok. Once patients older sister was forced to climb out of bed when she barely got to the dining room, stripped her late breakfast. Soon after Mary died of galloping consumption, hardly lived up to ten years. And although the director of Cowan Bridge, Mr Wiles felt that an early death - the best thing that can befall a man (if he is sinless angel appear before the Creator), but when she lay down the second Bronte - Elizabeth, he really took care of school reputation, and hastened to send "flimsy" sisters home. Elizabeth, however, it is not saved.

After the horrors of a private school life in the vast Howorth Charlotte and Emily seemed like paradise. At least in their inward peace no one interfered, it was not vigilant control of educators. Neither my aunt nor my father did not infringe either on the emotional side of children's souls, nor the leisure of their wards. Meanwhile, the Puritan, quiet home Bronte played out hot, unseen adult passion, which are more rapidly fill the pages of the first homemade notepad children.

Who taught them to write, who are wise to dive into invented worlds and interact with fictional characters? It is known that even before the birth of children, Patrick Bronte published two volumes of poems, which are "intended primarily for the lower classes, however, burdened by his family after the death of his wife, pastor and forgot to think about past experiences of writers, and literary merits of his poetry is very questionable.

Photo — «Bronte Sisters: Charlotte,
emily, Anne»

Most likely, the children took up the pen to set free your imagination, which choked the monotonous routine hauortskogo home. It turns out, sometimes unpredictably fertile fruit brings a complete indifference to their children.

Initially sisters carried away with writing the plays, the first "Young People" - were invented and played out during the games in the wooden soldiers. Children's imagination to work immediately, the roles and images were instantly shared. Charlotte (now, after the death of two sisters, she became the eldest) got the most beautiful, the tallest soldier, a hero, who was immediately given the name of the Duke of Wellington. Warrior Emily got the nickname is serious, very little went Pazhik Anne, and brother Brenuell called his soldier Buonaparte. Drama "Young people" have successfully walked in hauortskom house (admittedly, without a single spectator) a month until the sick, and from dozens of makeshift option was selected the most recent and recorded, after which the creature safely forgotten, and the inspiration turned to new artistic horizons .

Once the December blizzard in the evening the children were bored by the kitchen hearth, fell out with water-saving old servant Tabby, who strongly wished to light a candle. Long pause broken Brenuell, lazily stretched out: "I do not know what to do. " Emily and Anne immediately joined his brother. The old woman advised all to go to sleep, but what child obediently popletetsya in bed, when even in such a monotonous life is always there for him something interesting. Found a way out of nine to Charlotte: "What if we all have to be on your island?" The game quickly seized all, and now in a small booklet childish hand painted with new roles and conflict - "The Islanders".

Fun with dramas gradually dragged Bronte sisters in particular, invented their own world. Charlotte and Brenuell found dreamland, Angra, where each day to our heroic and sometimes criminal acts of wanton, cruel and seductive Duke Zamorna. Older sister confided to his brother war hero, she also took up a complicated love intrigues Zamorny. Sitting in a small bedroom on the second floor and looking out the window, overlooking the cemetery, Charlotte hardly saw the gray stone tombs, into a world invented by the passions of the hero. She probably already did not know that the real: boring everyday Howorth or violent events in a fantastic Angri.

Photo — «Bronte Sisters: Charlotte,
emily, Anne»

"Few people believe - she has recorded in his diary - that imaginary joy can bring so much happiness. "

But Patrick Bronte was still concerned that he could not solve the problem of education of their daughters. Emily after the horrors of the private pension refused to leave Howorth, and money in the rural pastor was so small that even one unit of Charlotte in a decent institution Margaret Wooler had to soften the cross. Hostel in Rouhede, where the elder Bronte was preparing to become a governess, was famous in the district for its humane methods of upbringing and good education. In addition, Charlotte has found there girlfriends, who later supported her in difficult moments of life.

While the elder sister and a half years living in the hostel, Jr. , Anne and Emily, very close. Brenuell whose status as an only son, as well as the undisputed mind instilled respect for girls, was not inclined to share playing sisters. It was then that Anne and Emily came up with its rival kingdom of Gondal. This, of course, was akin to rebellion, but gradually gained independence from Gondal Angren, and when returned to Charlotte, the younger sister already in full fantasized autonomously. Gondal was a huge rock, cooled by the cold winds of the island in the North Pacific Ocean. This region is inhabited by people sisters strong, freedom-loving, giving them a rich imagination and stormy passions. Here, as in Angra do not abate hostility, trailed intrigue, mature plots, wars were fought, did great deeds and atrocities. It was a world half-created violent adolescent fantasy, half deducted from the books of Sir Walter Scott and Anne Radcliffe.

Over time, fantasy sisters became closely adjoin each other. Grown-up Anne soon left his kingdom, Emily came up with a new, located in the tropical island Gaaldin. Many impressionable children delve into their invented world, but few and remains there for life: Emily turned the children's myth into the soil and the arsenal for his poetry. She soon began to write poetry, not thinking to be heard: it is possible, with its stealth poetry was the only means of expression. Much of Emily's poems connected with the myth of Gondale. Main character - "femme fatale" Queen Augusta Geraldine Almeda. Arrogant, cruel, despotic, it is the death of their husbands, lovers, children.

And if exalted, reclusive Emily stayed captive tale of a lifetime, then to Ann journey into a fantastic world was interesting, exciting, but still child's play.

Photo — «Bronte Sisters: Charlotte,
emily, Anne»

As the older sister, Anne did not differ vibrant health, joy, and frivolity, but for all its softness and tendency to introspection Ann to a greater extent than the others, was endowed with spiritual strength and fortitude. And if the next attempt to get a profession governess in a boarding house for Emily Miss Wooler again failed (she could not live outside the home, "at strangers"), the Anne in 1838 with honors completed the training.

Perfect representation of the Victorian girl included an unconditional self-sacrifice in all that concerns the family - that is educated and Bronte sisters. Charlotte and Anne, barely into adulthood, are sent to the beggarly, humiliating guvernantskie bread "However, even sanity Anne is not enough to get accustomed to the new post, so heavy is the position of a teacher in a wealthy house, and so unsuited to life increased future writer.

Even more helpless than the sisters, is the only son of Patrick Bronte - Brenuell. But he by nature was no less gifted than his sister - had a talent artist and writer. Probably laying on him a lot of hope, Patrick Bronte simply "crossed the line" and an impressionable young man broke down under the weight of responsibility. Trying to conquer London Brenuella his drawings did not succeed, moreover, my brother came back soon to Howorth, the family spent all the money he collected bits and pieces of sisters, and came up with a colorful story about his own robbery. However, the impression of a big city suddenly increased ambitions painful youth, now he's convinced others that his true vocation was not painting, and literature, and the conceit of a provincial Brenuell wrote a letter to the editor of the famous at the time the magazine with the offer of cooperation. Naturally, the answer was a contemptuous silence. Setback suffered elder Bronte and to create their own art studio. Place a tutor in a wealthy house his brother procured Anne Robinson, who was finally able to settle down as a governess at the new owners. But Brenuell destroyed and it is a fragile being. He fell in love with Mrs. Robinson, confessed to her his feelings, reciprocity and molested after she told everything to her husband, was expelled from the master's house. Together with a good job and was forced to leave Ann.

Unrequited love led Brenuella painful nature of equilibrium. He hit a bitter drink, and life in Haworth evolved since then into a nightmare: beloved brother with the speed of the snowball rolled down the mountain into an abyss, falling into a depression, and ultimately - madness.

Photo — «Bronte Sisters: Charlotte,
emily, Anne»

Generally, all the Bronte family was accompanied by fatal bad luck in his personal life. Emily has never experienced the joy of love. Even the appearance of a charismatic priest, William Haworth Ueytmena, which caused the inhabitants of the female half of the house a cheerful excitement, as the young man managed to give equal attention to all the girls, did not touch the soul the mysterious Emily. In the works of Bronte sisters mean the reader will find many lines about love, but feeling it in her though fervent, but speculative. She does not even indirectly, explaining that she simply can not fall in love with someone, as a circle of acquaintances is limited. One gets the impression that Emily was no need for a loved one or sexual attachment. It does not follow that passion was foreign to her nature, but just this passion is not focused on specific people, and remained as its soul, in the ethereal worlds of the fictional myth. But Anne and Charlotte very rapidly responded to the new assistant's father, trying to draw his attention to himself. Despite the very appearance of an ordinary, Charlotte differed emergency demanding, and had already rejected the claim on her hand and heart of a humble brother, his girlfriend. She honestly told him that it does not attract a loveless marriage, and she, especially "romantic mood and the eccentric" are unlikely to be able to eke out a dull day the wife of a village priest. However, this did not stop her self-esteem will soon compete with her younger sister for the attention of William Ueytmena, who also wore a cloth. But unlike the previous candidate, a young assistant to Reverend Patrick Bronte was not only beautiful, but also a damn charming and smart. Pleasant conversation, walks in the heather fields Howorth, candlelit dinners have gray life at home suddenly filled and bright. Alas, Charlotte first came to herself, trying to hide their feelings as much as possible away, while instructing the younger bitterly: "Passionate love - madness and as a rule, remains unanswered. Unfortunately, she was right - William Eightmile was already engaged.

However, in the life of Anne is feeling the first and only. By coincidence, the rock, the pressures on the family of Bronte, did not pass and the young seducer - two years after a meeting with the sisters died.

In the spring of 1841, Charlotte, as she seemed to find a way out of monotonous, meager existence.

Photo — «Bronte Sisters: Charlotte,
emily, Anne»

And what if the three Bronte sisters open their school, then come to an end depending on someone else's will and whims. Aunt, after some hesitation, has agreed to subsidize the enterprise. To improve knowledge in February 1942 Charlotte and Emily went to Belgium. Pension Eger, where they arrived, made a favorable impression: comfortable rooms for rest and study, a lovely garden with rose bushes, which pansionerki, walking, naturally listened to the teacher.

Madame herself Eger, a mother of four children, she loved sitting in a flower bed and doing sewing for another baby to take lessons learned Foster. In short, after an ascetic, hard Yorkshire Bronte sisters breathed in amazement subtle, sensual scent of French roses.

On the original Emily, however, no temptations of influence do not have. It is well studied, is still very homesick, and when six months after admission died aunt, with a light heart, left the hospitable board. But Charlotte intoxicated passionate romantic love for his mentor M. Eger. Impressionable, was brought up on the books of Charlotte in this love unwittingly reproduced the popular mid-XIX century, the plot of Goethe. Worship minions before Meister, not only were moved by the then readers, it seemed an ideal relationship between man and woman.

Mr Eger, husband landlady, a person smart, hot-tempered and very demanding, initially extremely impressed worship British girl, her enthusiasm in front of him, especially as a girl was not a fool, and her strange sister and the more struck by the power M. Eger: