FAINA G. RANEVSKAYA

(1896-1984)

Soviet actress, People′s Artist of USSR (1961). In the theater served since 1915. In the years 1949-1955 and since 1963 has played in the Theater. Moscow City Council. Her heroines - Bassa (Bassa Zheleznova "Gorky), Byrd (" Chanterelle "L. Hellman), Lucy Cooper (" More silence "V. Delmar), and others shot in the films" Foundling, " ; Dream "," Spring ", etc. Winner of USSR State Prize (1949, 1951).

She was always not like anyone, always unique, unusual. Even in his youth. At fifteen years. When teenage girls tend to imitate adults. When a man is so unsecure, that shyness is not trying to stand out from the general background of peers. Faina Ranevskaya always been unique. Although shyness was overcome, too young Faina, a girl with huge luminous eyes, long reddish slash, the disproportionately long arms and legs it was hard not to draw attention. And adults could not help stopping look at this strange, being flushed with embarrassment. And what grown-ups!

In early adolescence Faina made friends with a famous actress Alice UNC, long lived with the celebrated dancer Catherine Geltser. What is the force of his charm and some energy needed to possess, to motivate these spoiled the glory and worship of women! Nevertheless, in any theater school Ranevskaya not taken as failure. After many years Faina G. said: "The first impression of the theater - shock. And I did not choose a profession: she hid herself in me. "

Ranevskaya began his working life on the provincial scene, having no special education. G. Faina did not like to talk about this period of life, but remember with pleasure that playing in Malakhovka paired with the famous Pevtsov in the play "He Who Gets Slapped," instead of "slapping" has a serious down payment on the actor: ; She will present actress.

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

But the biggest success of the "provincial" for years has Ranevskaya Leontievna meeting with Paul Wulff, who identified the formation of Faina Georgievna as an actress. Wolfe called "the provincial Komissarzhevskaya, obviously, because it has trumped the Russian out in the whole repertoire of his great contemporaries and friends, and so has become extremely popular in the provincial public.

Instinct of a great artist Wolf, seeing clumsy, funny, high Fein to play in Simferopol, divined in her talent and invited her to him. Ranevskaya was in the room to the famous actress, beside himself with embarrassment. First Faina sat on the coffee table instead of chairs, but the easy manners, affectionate tone Woolf returned the girl composure. Received from Paul Leontyevna task to prepare a few fragments of plays, going to the theater, Ranevskaya a few days already shown their billets. Wulff was pleased - she was not mistaken - the girl extremely talented. Lessons from Paul Leontyevna were, in fact, the only "theatrical University Ranevskaya. Despite the difference in age (sixteen years), student and teacher relationships have grown into a strong, loyal friendship for life. Wolf before his death remained the most authoritative, rigorous, and, apparently, the most effective critic of the Faina Georgievna. Sometimes, after one of the premiere, flushed with success, Ranevskaya joyfully asked, hoping for praise: "Well, Mama?" And in response, heard a stern: "You can and better!"

Perhaps it is from ascetic modesty of the old Russian actress passed on Faina Georgiyevna eternal discontent made, permanent internal doubts about his talent.

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

Many of his contemporaries, who worked with Ranevskaya, be sure to remember her crushing sighs after each performance: "Today I played so badly. I′ve never been so badly did not play. Usually colleagues tried to comfort him, and delighted the audience said to the contrary, but she was terrified of dropping the bar of his skill, she suffered from a painfully futile fears proved unfounded, and therefore it is not throwing seemed banal coquetry, the desire came by to compliment. It was not quite an ambition, but rather - the usual frustration of talent and high learned more from mother′s milk understanding of the purpose and duty of the actor. While her ambition, like any creator, it was not strange. If any of the young actors naively agreed: "Yes, yes, Faina G. , today, really, you play worse," - she was fighting a bad egg with anger: "Who is he? Away with him.

It is not a young girl Ranevskaya got on the metropolitan scene, but the debut memorable. Tairov invited an unknown actress to a provincial role Zina in the play "Pathetique Sonata" and not mistaken. "Yes, I′m spoiled Tairov - recalls Faina G. . - There was a provincial actress, served in Tashkent, and suddenly, Alexander Yakovlevich invited me to the role . . . The entire troupe was sitting in the hall, and I do something on stage - horribly, horribly, in my opinion, all looked at each other, shrugged their shoulders. Tairov was silent. That was the day, second, third. Then suddenly in the dead room Gratsiansky said: "Well done!" Excellent! "You see what it boy, how it works!" Learn! "I had wings .

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

. . "

Phenomenon Ranevskaya impossible to comprehend. Her whole personality is made up of paradoxes and misunderstandings. Her memorable role of the public mainly for small episodes in the movies, but thank her for this was truly popular. She herself had invented the famous phrase in the script "foundling" - "Mula, not me nervous, and very proud. Of course, Ranevskaya realized that her own work has become folklore, almost bezavtorskim, and her life soon turned into a tangle of vivid anecdotes, witty expressions scathing folk humor. G. Faina was effervescent talent in any role, but she and their fate has built much, talent, somehow, even regal wasteful. Who else comes into my head to talk about Ranevskaya in the context of the time? Who comes into my head to write about the tragedies of the Stalinist terror, recalling the actress? And she was friends with Akhmatova, first came to the poet, when issued a decree in 1946, infamous Akhmatova. "I was scared her pallor, blue lips, - told Ranevskaya of that awful day. - The house was empty. Puninskaya relatives ran away . . . We both were silent. Wanted to drink her cup of tea - refused. The house was nothing to eat. I rushed into the store, bought something useful, like to feed her. She lay her shiver. There refused. That day her and my meal for her and fear for her. " Help rogue automatically done when the Stalinist regime helps "leper", but for Ranevskaya some reason, not fear, as if all these passions raged behind the thick walls of the royal castle. Tragedy of Akhmatova? - Yes! Tsvetaeva′s tragedy? - Yes! But the name Ranevskaya not fit into any tragedy, it is - timeless.

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

But you can not really seriously discuss adaptation of Ivan the Fool in society, and even in the concrete. So Ranevskaya lived like a simple-minded heroine of the tale, funny, crazy town, "as its heroine, a maid from the film" Spring ". Once she said: "I′m mad silly enough to live life. " It was this seeming invulnerability in life, in film, the stage has become a powerful incentive for its popularity.

Perhaps only once in the movie she was able to detect the powerful tragic basis of their talent. The role of Roses Skorokhod in "Dreams" by Mikhail Romm, the role of coarse, greedy landlady shabby boarding house, in a pathetic immense love for his son - a scoundrel and pacifiers, is one of the masterpieces of world′s Film. Rostislav Plyatt, who played with Ranevskaya in the film, recalled that the Faina G. was at the time a young woman, with a flexible and lean figure. But she represented her heroine a massive, heavy. And the actress has found "elephant" legs and a hard tread, which wrapped filming in front of each leg bandages.

In 1944 an American magazine wrote about the film: "The White House now saw the United States President Roosevelt, he said:" "Dream", Ranevskaya, very talented. In my opinion, this is one of the greatest films of the globe. Ranevskaya - brilliant tragic actress. According to his wife, Dreiser, a famous writer, too, was shocked by the game Faina Georgievna. In short, you are such a talent in a Western country, it certainly would have eclipsed his fame very Sarah Bernhardt, but the "iron curtain" of the Soviets and left a brilliant Ranevskaya without due of admiration that it deserves.

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

It is known that Ranevskaya has the nickname of the heroine "Cherry Orchard" his beloved Chekhov. Once Faina G. said: "When I now recall my childhood, do not remember joyous. Recalled: "He died Chekhov . . . ". It is known that the actress′s family left Russia and Ranevskaya often asked why she stayed. She replied that she can not imagine life without theater, and what better than the Russian theater is nothing - in She was not sure. "But the main thing. Is it possible to leave the land where Pushkin is buried and where every breath of wind is full of suffering and the talent of your ancestors! This feeling homeland - my life. "

Pushkin - a whole chapter of her life. "I have long read nothing. I re-read. And all of Pushkin, Pushkin, Pushkin . . . I even dreamed that he comes in and says: "How do you tell me, old fool, sick. " Portrait of Pushkin served in the room Ranevskaya most prominent place. Tomiki poet literally followed her everywhere, he must be at hand when she went to lunch, when sat in a chair by the phone. And not a single conversation with friends is not dispensed with the theme of Pushkin. The paradox was that the great poet was unavailable for the actress and the sun and the closest person. It is painfully, passionately fond of Russian culture, Pushkin She became the embodiment, the living embodiment of all the genius that was trampled on, torn homeland. venture to say that it "regretted" Russia, as felt sorry for all living things - dogs, insects, people.

Legends tell of her unselfishness and extravagance. Having one day′s fee for the film, Ranevskaya fearful of a large packet of notes and rushed to the theater.

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

She met his friends backstage, and asked whether they want money for something. He took his pants, this - for shoes, and she - in the matter. When Faina G. remembered that she, too, perhaps, does not interfere with anything to buy, it was too late. "And it was not distributed to those who wanted to" - upset then.

In the late 1930′s Ranevskaya, receiving a salary in the theater, went to Marina Tsvetaeva. Pulling out a pack, she would divide it equally, but Few poetess not caught sight of a gesture and took the whole pack.

Faina, thanks, I know you were good! "

But home Ranevskaya expecting a lot of parasites, so she decided to sell the ring. "How fortunate that I have not had time to share in half, that gave all! After her death in a feeling of terrible guilt for what happened in Yelabuga.

All who visited the house Ranevskaya necessarily noted as touching belonged to his old actress picked up on the street with a broken paw dog boy. A neighbor told me that went in to her one day, found her still sitting in a chair - on the open palm lay no signs of life fly. As it turned out, a fly flew into the milk, and Ranevskaya waiting to fly dried out and flew away.

Before insulting little Faina G. played in the theater. At the end of her life she suffered from nevyskazannosti, unfulfilled. Directors, the theater director who worked with Ranevskaya, in one voice say that the reason for this was her unbending insistence. She would not agree to play something that does not lay her heart. Some criticized the actress in the unbearable nature, in petty faultfinding, in intemperance, but the blame was its rejection of organic laxity, laziness, indifference in the theater.

Photo — «Faina G. Ranevskaya»

She herself, lightly to the confusion of everyday life, the profession has demonstrated the wonders of pedantry, efficiency, accountability. Do not allow overwrite for her role: she carefully, slowly in a school notebook, carefully carrying the words of the author. By the way, is not tolerated, when the actors take liberties with the text, distorting it. At the show has consistently come in two hours, carefully makeup, never being distracted by the empty jokes, useless talk. Of course, she was an actress "from God", an actress, which Stanislavsky said that he, his system is not needed, and yet, what an amazing self-discipline had Ranevskaya, as it respected the audience. G. Faina was not working, she served in the theater.

October 19, 1983 Ranevskaya has also left the scene, leaving the usually without wires and speeches, simply by notifying its decision to the Director theater. Moscow City Council.

Once, she tried to persuade the public to note solid eightieth birthday. "No, - she flatly refused. - You to me now saying a speech. And what are you going to speak at my funeral? "