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The English writer, native sisters: Charlotte - nickname Carrera Bell - author of the novels "Jane Air" (1847), "Shirley" (1849), Emily - the author of the novel "thunderstorm Pass" (1847), and poems, Ann - author of the novel "Agnes Gray" (1847) and poems.
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It must be the same this happen that the family of Pastor Patrick Bronte was born in succession, three daughters, and all three have been labeled a divine seal of the literary gift, and all were deeply unhappy, because they are too different from the others, had hiloe health and had no children - in the history unique. Why not just ponapisali critics and researchers of the sisters for a hundred years, which only means they do not unravel this phenomenon - and to try on Freudianism, and educational methods in the house of the pastor was analyzed in detail, and even the geography of English county Yorkshire, where lived the famous sisters , has not done carefully. But the miracle of Bronte family is still fraught with some lofty, inaccessible and a bit horrible riddle.
 Judge for yourself. Nature, as two-faced Janus, Bronte sisters gave a generous gift of writing, but none of the six children the pastor did not give it the possibility of having an heir. Rod Patrick Bronte out with him, because he only made it to survive all his numerous family. Today, the oldest house in Hauorte tourists come to your eyes seeing a modest monastery, in which almost all his life had a famous sister. All survived, all in their seats, like the ancient, haggard solitude boss just gone away: sofa where Emily died, gray-green dress Charlotte with a narrow waist and broad yubkoy, its unlikely the little black shoes, the miniature, hand painted bead first handmade book Bronte sisters. On the second floor can still be seen barely noticeable, scratch with pencil and lime lines - the remains of children′s drawings.
 The window of the room is close to the cemetery. Moody landscape with moss-grown tomb brings melancholic thought of earthly life and the frailty of all human vanity.
 The sorrowful list on a stone slab opens mistress Maria Bronte. Eldest daughter was only seven years old, the younger Ann - a few months, when the infernal pain mother died. That children are not heard moaning sick, they were sent under guard to walk the elder sister, and Patrick, stisnuv teeth to stifle the cries of the dying woman, with a frenzy pilil legs of the chairs in his office. It is clear that children′s experiences are far too small Bronte were from the rainbow, also the pastor of the Anglican Church, the father of many children, did not differ a good temper. Left with six young children on his hands (five girls and one boy), Patrick gave the care of babies in the late sister - indifferent, quiet aunt. Domineering, self-centered, above all tsenivshy own quiet, Patrick rarely deign to communicate with their sons, most of the time spent in the living room, where lunch alone, or preparing for the sermon. When the longing became intolerable Patrick in fit of desperation shoot out into the yard and shooting into the air.
 Children raised in a family puritanical, not providing any shred of poblazhek. The food was Spartan, always put them in the dark - once a father burned sapozhki one of the girls because of the color is too bright. And there was wonder and their health. Wishing to give the girls less education, Patrick has sent Mary, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Emily in 1824, a private boarding Cowan Bridge. Here, girls are faced with a refined cruelty and sadistic teachers, covers the hypocritical concern about the Virtue of children. Hunger and cold were the usual companions pansionerok. Once a sick older sister was forced to climb out of bed, when it hardly reached the dining room, stripped her for being late breakfast. Soon, Maria died of galloping consumption, hardly live up to ten years. And while director Cowan Bridge, Mr Uilso believed that the early death - the best that could fall in the proportion of people (when he sinless angel appear before the Creator), but when slegla second Bronte - Elizabeth, he was seriously care to reputable schools, and hastened to send "hlipkih" sestrichek home.
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 After the horrors of the private life of the pension in the vast Hauorta seemed Charlotte and Emily paradise. At least in their inner world, no one intervened, there was constant monitoring teachers. Neither the aunt nor the father does not affect either the emotional side of children′s souls, nor the leisure of his. Meanwhile, the Puritan, a quiet house Bronte played hot, invisible to adults passions, which are quickly filled the first pages of improvised bloknotikov children.
 Who taught them to write, who is wise to dive into invented worlds and interact with fictional characters? We know that even before birth, Patrick Bronte has issued two volumes of poems that are "intended primarily for the lower classes, however, burdened families, after the death of his wife, pastor and forgot to think about past writers′ experiences, and the literary merits of his poetry submitted highly questionable. Most likely, the children took up a pen, to release to the will of his imagination, which is smothered monotonous routine hauortskogo home. It turns out that sometimes unpredictably fertile fruit brings a complete indifference to their chadam.
 Initially, the sisters have taken a great interest writing plays, the first "Young People" - to invent and played during the games in the wooden soldiers. Children′s imagination to work immediately, the roles and images were instantly shared. Charlotte (now, after the death of two sisters, she became older) out a most beautiful, the highest soldier, a real hero, who then was given the name of the Duke of Wellington. Warrior Emily got the nickname serious, very little Ann out a Pazhik, and called his brother Brenuell soldier Buonaparte. The drama "Young People" was successful in hauortskom house (admittedly, without a single spectator) a month until the sick, and several dozen improvised variations was selected the most recent and recorded, after which the creature safely forgotten, and inspiration turned to new art horizons.
 One December evening metelnym children missed at the kitchen hearth, a row with saving the old servant Tabby, who strongly wanted to light a candle. Long pause violated Brenuell, lazily protyanuv: "I do not know what to do." Emily and Anne then joined by his brother. The old woman advised all to go to sleep, but what child obediently popletetsya in bed, when even in a monotonous life for him there is always something interesnenkoe. Found a way out nine Charlotte: "What if we all will be on your island?" The game quickly seized all, and now, in a small book to children′s handwriting signs new roles and competing - "islanders."
 Zabavy with dramas gradually taken a great interest in the Bronte sisters special coined their own world. Charlotte and Brenuell become a country of dreams, Angra, where every day made heroic and sometimes criminal acts of wanton, cruel and seductive Duke Zamorna. The elder sister, brother entrusted war hero, is also engaged in complicated love Zamorny. Sitting in a small bedroom on the second floor and looking out the window, going to the cemetery, Charlotte hardly saw gray stone epitaph, immersed in the world conceived passions hero. She probably already did not know that the real: the boring everyday life Hauorta or violent events in a fantastic Angren. "Few people believe - she has recorded in his diary - that imaginary joy can bring so much happiness."
 But Patrick Bronte was still concerned that he had been unable to solve the problem of education of daughters. Emily, after the horrors of the private pension flatly refused to leave Hauort, and money from the rural pastor, it was so small that even the device in a decent institution Charlotte Margaret Vuler had to move to pity the cross. Hostel in Rouhede, where the elder Bronte was preparing to become a governess, was famous in the district for its humane methods of education and good education. In addition, Charlotte has found there girlfriends, who later supported her in difficult moments life.
 While the elder sister of one and a half years living in the hostel, Jr., Anne and Emily, it is closer. Brenuell whose status only son, as well as the undeniable intellect instilled respect for the girls, was not inclined to share the games sisters.
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 Over time, fantasy sisters became closely side by side with each other. Podrosshaya Anne soon left his kingdom, Emily has invented a new, located in the tropical latitudes of the island Gaaldin. Many impressionable children to go into the world coined them, but few and remains there for life: Emily turned the children′s myth into the soil and the arsenal for his poetry. She soon started to write poetry, not pomyshlyaya to be heard: it is possible, with its secrecy poetry was the only way of expression. Much of the lyrics Emily linked to the myth of Gondale. The main character - "fatal woman" Queen Augusta Geraldine Almeda. Arrogant, brutal, heavy-handed, it is the death of their husbands, sweethearts, children.
 And if exalted, unsociable Emily remained captive fabulous country for life, then to Ann journey into a fantastic world, it was interesting, exciting, but still child playing. As elder sister, Ann does not vary by strong health, fun and frivolity, but for all its tenderness and the propensity to reflection, Ann, more than any other, has the mental strength and resilience. And if the next attempt to get the profession of governess in the hostel Vuler to Miss Emily again ended in failure (she could not live away from home, "in other people′s people"), the Ann in 1838 graduated with honors.
 The ideal of the Victorian girl unconditional sacrifice involved in all that relates to the family - that way, and brought up Bronte sisters. Charlotte and Anne, barely into adulthood, to leave poverty, humiliating "guvernantskie bread" But Ann does not even sound enough to ensure that lived in the new post, so the situation seems dire educators in an affluent home, and so unsuited to life increased future writer.
 An even more helpless than the sisters, is the only son of Patrick Bronte - Brenuell. But he was by nature no less gifted than his sister - had the talent of an artist and writer. Perhaps placing it on a lot of hope, Patrick Bronte simply a "crossed the stick" and impressionable young man broke down under the weight of responsibility. Attempting to conquer London Brenuella his drawings did not, moreover, the brother came back shortly in Hauort, squandered all the family money that he collected on a pipsqueak sisters, and invented a colorful story about his own robbery. However, experience big-city ambitions unexpectedly stepped painful youth, and now he persuaded others that this is not calling his painting, and literature, and swelled with the provincial Brenuell wrote a famous letter to the editor at the time the magazine with a proposal of cooperation. Naturally, the response has been silent contempt. The setback suffered elder Bronte and creation of their own art studio. Place home teacher in an affluent home brother vyhlopotala Ann Robinson, who finally was able lived as a governess at the new owners. But Brenuell destroyed and the fragile well-being. He fell in love with Mrs Robinson, she confessed to her feeling harassed reciprocity, and after that told about all the husband was removed from the home ownership. Along with the good work and had to leave Ann.
 Unhappy love withdrawn Brenuella painful nature of the equilibrium. He hit into a bitter drink, and life in Hauorte evolved since then into a continuous nightmare: beloved brother, like a snowball katilsya from the mountain into an abyss, vpadaya to depression, and ultimately - madness.
 Generally, all the Bronte family were accompanied by fatal bad luck in his personal life. Emily had never known joy of love.
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 In spring 1841, Charlotte, as she seemed to find a way out of the monotonous, meager existence. And what if the three Bronte sisters opened their school, then the end will come depending on someone else′s will and whims. Aunt, after some hesitation, has agreed to subsidize the enterprise. To improve knowledge in February 1942, Charlotte and Emily went to Belgium. Hotel Eger, where they arrived, made a good impression: comfortable rooms for rest and study, a beautiful garden with rose bushes, which pansionerki, walking, naturally heed the teacher.
 Eger Madame herself, the mother of four children, loved sitting in a flower bed and doing sewing for another baby, pupils take lessons learned. Anyway, after the ascetic, hard Yorkshire Bronte sisters were stunned inhaled a subtle, sensual scent of French roses.
 Identity Emily, however, none have had the impact of temptations. It is well studied, is still very missed in the home, and when six months after the enrollment dead aunt, with a light heart, left the hospitable board. But Charlotte opyanila passionate romantic love for his mentor mse Eger. Impressible, reared on the books of Charlotte, in this love unwittingly reproduced popular in the middle of the XIX century, the plot of Goethe. Mignon worship before Majster not only melt then readers, it seemed an ideal relationship between women and men.
 Mr. Eger, husband mistress guesthouse, Smart man, anger, and very demanding, initially very impress worship British girl, her enthusiasm to it, the more so as the girl turned out to be something it is not durochkoy, and her strange sister of the more struck by a power mse Eger: "It should be born a man - a great navigator, - years later, wrote about Emily Eger. - Her powerful intellect, with the knowledge of past discoveries, would open up new areas for them, but its strong royal will not be deviated either to the difficulties or obstacles, her eagerness to extinguished only with life. "
 Passionate feelings Charlotte soon ceased to be a mystery to many spouses mse Eger.
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 House of Charlotte reached a terrible longing for the beloved. It could save only a letter - illusory interviewed wanted man, and she took a pen. Well, she has invented nothing new, except for normal female vskrika, already facing the "blank" indifferent person: "Mse, poor little need for food, they ask only kroshek that fall from the table rich. But if they deny these crumbs they die of starvation. I also do not need a lot of love from those whom I love ... But you have shown little interest to me ... and I want to retain the interest - I cling to him, as if clinging to life ... "At the margin of the letter of the teacher wrote the name and address of the shoemaker, and found it reasonable not to answer his exalted correspondent.
 By mid-1940′s life was the Bronte sisters especially pitch, bleak and empty. Still bleeding wound of love Charlotte, died young Ueytmen, zateyu own school had to leave after the death of Aunt, but a sore spot was the Bronte family Brenuell. Addicted to opium and alcohol brought him into a rage. Days and nights in Hauorte have been poisoned by the expectation of wild escapades with his hand, all the house he lived in an incredible strain. Once again, the way to the light of these older, Charlotte, the only whole family is not lost vital energy. In autumn 1845, she accidentally discovered Emily notebook in which the poems are extremely surprised older sister: they did not like the usual women′s poetry ... were short, tough, vivid and honest ... My sister Emily was a person to mix, and even the most close and dear to her people could not invade without demand in the area of her thoughts and feelings. A few hours required to reconcile it with the opening made by me, and - days, to ensure that its poems deserve publication. "
 The idea of Charlotte was simple: why not combine the poems written by all three sisters in a single collection of poetry. This agreement Emily was absolutely necessary, because her poems were of most artistic interest. I must say that Charlotte has already had some experience with the literary world, a few years ago it sent its own verses famous poet of so-called "Lake School" - South. Maître said: "idle dreams, where you are staying a day, can disturb your peace of mind, and as usual the case, you seem to go in and worthless, you feel incapable of their performance, failing to become fit to something else. Literature can not be given to women and should not they be. The more characteristic of a woman engaged to her duties, the less it is leisure for literature ... "The thought South was clear, as Christ′s tear: why women engage in poetry, where it is intended by nature to another. And so he was confident in the infallibility of their view that, even boasted in a letter to one friend, as a guide to the path of the true soul of the lost maiden: "I think it eldest daughter of the pastor, received a good education and commendable work governess in a family ... "
 To the great Fortunately, our world is much more interesting than the human understanding of it, and nobody, even the famous poet who does not know how "the unknown way of the LORD." Appeasement conceit brought South. "Poor girl" not just engaged literature of the wisdom of life, but also has succeeded and the glory.
 However, after almost ten years after the correspondence with the poet, Charlotte, which was already thirty, decided not to advertise the fact that she is a woman, so as not to irritate the reader. In May 1846 for its author′s first book was published by Bronte sisters: "Poetry Kerrera, Ellis and Ektona Bell. "Brothers", were identified in the article sound literary criticism, but the highest praise was awarded, of course, Ellis Bell (Emily), "restless spirit" which has made the world "so original" poem.
 Success okrylil Charlotte, and she now decided to print a book of prose, "Bell brothers." She suggested that the publication of the novel "The Teacher", which is based, of course, on a history of unhappy love for the mse Eger.
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 Roman Emily was appreciated only at the beginning of XX century. Somerset Maugham, a classic of English literature, including thunderstorms pass "the ten best novels of the world. "Manifesto of English genius" called the book critic Robert Fox. A well-known literary critic F.-R. Emily Bronte Livis among the great authors of the traditional English novel, highlighting the uniqueness and originality of its talents. But all that happened later in life the same honor, recognition and fame not touched behalf of Emily Bronte. "thunderstorm pass", published in 1847, remained almost unnoticed, in fact, would venture to suggest that he had forgotten to do, do not be a stunning success elder sister Charlotte in her new novel "Jane Air".
 Having failed with the "Teacher", Charlotte has a very superior force of the spirit. What, what, and in his literary purpose, Charlotte has been steadfastly confident. In record time the writer has created a new product, and already 16 Oct, 1847 novel was released. The success was overwhelming: the novel was written with such passion, with such sincerity, that he could not leave the reader indifferent. A key finding was the image of Charlotte Jane. Largely autobiographical, nebrosky, it is strikingly different from the art of romantic heroines of that time. The history of its establishment, started in a long, boring evenings when the whole house in Hauorte going to bed promptly at nine, and Patrick Bronte locked the door. In these hours the sisters read to each other written on the day, discussing all varieties of life, struggle and love of his characters. Tell that Charlotte once said: why the heroine novels inhumane beautiful. "But another reader not privlechesh" - objected Emily and Anne. "You are mistaken, - said Charlotte. - Do you want my heroine to be ugly outside, but on a human is so interesting, decent and attractive that it will fall in love? "
 Charlotte knew nothing - of course, about themselves, their unexpressed desire to love, to meet a loved one. And there are many beautiful walks on the ground who got this wealth easily? How many of those with fatal schastlivits eyes and heavenly affections, self-confidence and reach? No, Charlotte is well known, with whom she will share their aspirations, what wrong, Tosca, she is drawn to women′s hearts. And now, it′s been more than a hundred and fifty years, and "Jane Air" remains concerned about the readers.
 Biographical background and has a novel Ann "Agnes Gray".
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 Roman "stranger from Uayldfell Hall" - of family and psychological. It was built as the disclosure of secrets of the protagonist, Helen who settled with a small son, Arthur in the gloomy, long-derelict old house Elizavetinskaya times. The emergence of excellent Image, who called Mrs. Graham, drew the attention of residents of the District. Her loneliness and independence of fueling interest in the past. The history of Helen and the circumstances of her married life with Arthur Handingdonom and form the basis of the novel. Unlike Emily, Anne carefully transfer the atmosphere of environment, a sense of historical time by playing a specific detail of everyday life, speech, sound, structure, dialogue, this is elusively-defined, which will then be restored and transferred as a "Victorian", for example, in a close, we time work as a novel by John Faulza Woman French Lieutenant. "
 After the stunning glory of "Jane Air in London has spread rumor that enterprising Kerrer Bell had sold all three of the novel in America, along with rights to the product has not yet been written. When worried publisher George Smith delicately raised this issue in a letter to their sponsors, the Sisters decided to finally reveal the real names. It was agreed that in London, Charlotte and Anne go as Emily flatly refused to leave Hauort. Smith met the sisters distrust. Seeing in the hands of Charlotte his letter, he dramatically wanted to know how it got to them. But he was soon replaced by the harshness of genuine interest and sympathy for the sisters, a writer - especially painful for the interest of shy, zakompleksovannoy Charlotte. Charming attentive George liked amorous, romantic girl.
 Meanwhile, the arrival in London, the opening of the literary community names Bronte sisters, vivid impression the big city after years of desert Yorkshire became the latest small joys, get to share our heroines. In September 1848, from white blue Brenuell died, and his death has started series of events that turned Hauort, the bitter comment, Charlotte, in the "valley of shadows." At the funeral of his brother cold Emily, but hospice, she was unwilling to accept the fact of his own weakness: does not like to hear about doctors and medicine, every morning is still got up earlier than everyone walking in the lovely area around the heart. Her beat chills, she coughed continuously and cough out blood, but God forbid it was someone regret. "It looks very, very attenuate, - with alarm wrote Charlotte girlfriend. - But it is useless asked, answer no. Another senseless to recommend the medicines, it categorically does not accept them. "
 The morning of December 18, 1848 Emily rose as usual and after breakfast took a sewing, and only intermittent breathing, deathly pallor, and a special luster eye, it was noticeable that it is difficult to keep on my legs. At noon, did send for a doctor, two hours later Emily died.
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 What wealth? - Void.
Love? - Love is ridiculous.
And thank - delirium and maeta
Melt sleep
Repeat aloud
Before the end of the road:
"Through life and death of a free spirit
Without fear of carry. "
 At six months experienced a beloved sister Ann. Of the latter, she fought with the forces of consumption and a few days before his death asked Charlotte to take her to a seaside resort of Scarborough - Ann believed in the healing. But the journey has taken its last forces. Having realized that dies, Ann blandish torpid with grief elder sister: "her husband, Charlotte, husband."
 Terrible was the return to Charlotte Hauort.
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 Shortly after the "Jane Air" Encouraged by the success, Charlotte began writing a new novel "Shirley" and almost finished his second part to his brother′s death, but domestic troubles and illness long stopped working. With great difficulty, great effort will be returned to the life of Charlotte, to the desk, to the sheet of paper. Now it is perfectly Aware of the poverty of their own personal experience, understands that its rescue in the imagination. Again and again comes to the aid of proven receiving Bronte sisters - if the lives of poor external events, if it becomes unbearable, it is possible to escape "on the island" fantasy, take strength from the wealth of inner peace.
 Only the false heroes, lost again and again the fate of Charlotte may distract from the terrible realities of the surrounding.
 Reviews of the novel "Shirley" appeared ambivalent, and yet the whole book has been evaluated positively. Most acquaintances and friends proud of Charlotte. True, the former mistress of the guesthouse, where she studied the writer, Miss Vuler to learn their pupils to the author "Jane Air", has decided that this hurts the reputation of Charlotte, and hastened to assure her that she is really, in any case, no change its relationship to the student. But Cross was shocked that Charlotte writes. "Jane Air" was seen her as a "bad book", and all relations with the cross-old daughter were broken. This is likely to depress writer, but she was much more favorable opinion of the literary environment of its creation.
 Upon learning about the terrible grief Charlotte, George Smith invites Bronte in London. The warm reception of the publisher and his mother freed from constraints Charlotte. Now it is a pleasure to have friends in London society, she feels like an equal among equals, and for the first time in a year and a half feel calm and almost happy.
 Smith and Williams (another publisher) wanted to make her stay in London enjoyable. It is exported to the theater - to see the famous actor Makridi in Shakespearean tragedy "Macbeth" and "Otello." Makridi idol was not just a London audience, he earned great success in America, which went on tour. Makridi Charlotte did not like, because in her view, little understood Shakespeare. But a visit to the National Gallery has made its indelible impression, especially Turner′s watercolors. Bronte met in London with the famous writer Garriet Martino, with itself (which is quite surprising in its shyness) has asked to take it. And finally, memorable for Charlotte was the meeting with Thackeray bogotvorimym it. "... This is a very high ... man. His face seemed to me unusual - it ugly, very ugly, in his terms, there is something harsh and mockingly, but believe it sometimes becomes a kind. He was not told who I am, I have not submitted it, but soon I saw that he was looking at me through glasses, and when all stood up to go to the table, he came up to me and said: "Pozhmem hands," -- and I have exchanged hands with him ... I think it is better to have a friend than an enemy, I pochudilos it something threatening. I listened to his conversation with the other gentlemen. "he said very simply, but frequently visited cynical, rezok and contradicts himself itself.
 And she gave birth to Thackeray is favorably impressed, and even moving: "I remember a little, shake the establishment, a small hand, big honest eyes.
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 Charlotte came back from London in mid-December, the anniversary of the death of Emily. But how sad it was not held that day, and now she draws strength and comfort in the support of friends and sympathizers. Winters were usually for Bronte bat. At eight o′clock in the evening, father and an old maid tabby went to sleep, and Charlotte bring himself into a rage memories. Her voice chudilis sisters, through the howl of wind begged her to open the door and allow them to enter.
 Spring could go on long walks on Hauortu. "In the silence of the hills, I remember the lines from their poems ... I once loved to read, now I dare not, and often I have a desire to forget much of what, until the brain works, I do not ever forget. "
 But during the summer, she again visited London. The relationship between Smith and Charlotte apparently turned friendly, but never became ever love. Hard to say why. Together they went to travel, to understand each other perfectly, but the last step that separates friends from lovers, to have failed.
 New liking Charlotte gives strength, and again in her memory that rises first, the brightest love mse Eger. She begins the novel "Villet" - so disparagingly called French Provincial Brussels in the XIX century. Again, she failed to book, "Teacher," once again before my eyes swim vision of youth, worship of her mentor, admired them. Again, it captured only a beloved, long zabyvshego it.
 After reading "Villet, Tekkerey wrote one of his American friends:" Poor woman, having a talent. Passionate, small-hungry life, brave, anxious, ugly design. By reading her novel, I guess, as she lives, and understand that there is more glory and other terrestrial or celestial treasures, she would like to see something Tomkins loved her, and she loved it. But the fact is that this tiny establishment I have no beauty, that she was thirty years old, that she was buried in the village and chahnet from depression, but no Tomkinsa not expected. "
 But the great writer was wrong. "Tomkins" she was. Charlotte, jade from loneliness, has agreed to marry his father′s successor in the parish Arthur Nicholls. Perhaps, Charlotte, and her close friends, the marriage is somewhat intimidating. Of course, it was a complete change of life, the usual occupation and, apparently, eventually the non-literary work. But the old woman chose this bondage, the fear of abject boredom and loneliness, she could no longer escape into fictional world of his characters.
 Five months Charlotte has diligently served the role of devoted wife and going all day it was filled with parish affairs and concerns of her husband. But in November, she fell ill and was no longer able to climb. For six years, Charlotte has survived her sister Ann. Six years after the death of the last daughter of Patrick Bronte and died like a cruel curse gravitated over the house of Bronte. Six children - and not a single descendant.
 It decreases the flow of visitors to the Museum Bronte sisters. There is still a mystery house in Hauorte excites the minds of people, continue to leave the book Charlotte, Emily and Anne, are still descendants want to understand what is hidden behind the fate of these women - the ordinary everyday circumstances, or did some inexplicable purpose of rock and gift ...
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