(1871-1919)
The activity of Germany and between Poland and the international labor movement. One of the organizers of the Union of Spartacus "and the founders of the Communist Party of Germany (1918). During the First World War took internationalist position.
Her career in politics began in Warsaw, where the revolutionary sentiments were particularly strong. Poland end of the XIX century Russia was an edge of the empire, and rather dangerous outskirts, always ready to provoke a military intervention against the Russian state. Only lazy from Warsaw in the 1890′s did not attend any political circle, where secretly studied the true history of Poland.
Like many others, Rose got into a circle of the Archangel is in my school years, a member of it, however, did not, but come to class regularly. And if the majority of young people, grown up, left the dangerous political game, Rose took the revolutionary activities of its main profession. The origins of this choice stemmed, apparently, in its character: in a morbid pride in the great ambition, stubbornness, and in the abilities of the social sciences. She is always well focused in the mood of the masses, was able to discern the main trends in the political movement, and have good journalistic skills, gained fame brilliant agitator and publicist.
Family - a chorus, patriarchal Jewish nest, where the touching love their children, and lived only for them, with a special warmth cherished youngest rose.
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| Photo: "Rosa Luxemburg" |
She was the "late born" to be charged with all the loftiest unrealized hopes - the mother and father. In addition, Rose has been disabled (was born with a dislocated hip) and up to ten years, she has continued a process of bone, made her suffer for many months, chains her to the bed. This child parents doubly sorry. By adolescence painful process has stopped, but the lameness persists, and to hide it, Rose ordered special shoes. We had to walk slowly, and then absolutely nothing was visible, but when the girl hurried, run, or, God forbid, to remove her shoes ... Of course, you can imagine the mental anguish experienced a well-read, thin girl about his lameness, which complexes have developed it on this ground. Some time after the end of the school, parents are trying to protect her daughter from political activity - have hired her a good teacher of music in the hope that the gifted child will art, but Rose could not leave tempting path that promised her on ambitious plans. Among the friends she was an equal among equals, no one paid any attention to her physical disability. She did not have to worry about the women′s own destiny. They had a single, high purpose for which the cost to delete pesky everyday little things in life and to justify many errors.
In the late 1880′s, many clandestine revolutionary groups torn apart by the contradictions associated with the choice of path.
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| Photo: "Rosa Luxemburg" |
Terror little to justify himself, and attracted only the fans, the primary part of young people looking for legitimate methods of struggle for power. Rose came to the revolutionary movement during the glow of the conflict against terrorism and immediately embarked on the side of those who fought against the killings, for agitation, propaganda activities. The terrorists did not want to take positions, his actions betrayed his comrades in the Party in the hands of the police. At the end of 1889, Rosa Luxemburg, fleeing arrest, was forced to emigrate to Switzerland. The years spent in this quiet country, were the happiest in her life. She felt this strong and confident. It was in Switzerland, she said, in a burst of enthusiasm, once wrote: "If I ever want to withdraw from the sky a couple of stars to give to someone on the cuff, then he shall not interfere with me in this cold, pedantic, and let them not say, shaking me finger, that I am making hay of all school astronomical atlases. This was due to an explosion of Romanticism good start career and, of course, love.
In Zurich, Luxembourg in one of his companions met with Leo Iogihesom, which immediately became involved. The young people also expressed interest in the girl, but no decisive action was taken, so ...
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| Photo: "Rosa Luxemburg" |
- Talk about political literature, flowers, visits to libraries. Rose had to explain itself in love, take the initiative. Leo, a confirmed bachelor, surrendered. But soon the man began to annoy mad head rose, her irrepressible energy, yet with such a woman was too troublesome, especially if one considers that the activities of the Leo was not easy. Conflict began. Especially strongly they quarreled, when Luxembourg successfully defended her thesis in the University of Zurich: "Industrial Development of Poland". Rosa bursting with pride - it touted the famous professor, her article published solid socialist publication, it became known in Europe. Leo did not want to tolerate this ... But, again fell under the influence of strong women, he could not get rid of it. Their complex relationship dragged on for years and years ... Meanwhile, Rosa Luxemburg, Socialist Party of Germany invites you to participate in the elections as a promoter. A woman goes to engage in campaigning in areas of Upper Silesia, where many Poles. She manages to be his for the German socialists. Soon, her friend becomes the Clara Zetkin in 1900 at the funeral of Wilhelm Liebknecht, a companion of Karl Marx, Rosa closely converges with his son Carl. Luxembourg and Associates a strong friendship with a prominent theoretician Karl Kautsky.
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| Photo: "Rosa Luxemburg" |
In Germany, in 1901, Luxembourg met with Lenin. But the political fate of the Rose is not favorably disposed. In 1906, she gets in the Warsaw prison, which, fortunately, released six months later. Helped her in time acquired by means of fictitious marriage Prussian citizenship. Then it many years working as a teacher of political economy at the party school of the Socialist Party of Germany, and the desperate fighting on theoretical issues with their colleagues. So much so that one of them even attempted to deprive the Rose law teaching. Only a unanimous protest listeners upset these plans.
The heyday of Luxembourg falls on the years before the First World War. Her undeniable merit in the fact that she was trying to stop the carnage, but her arguments were too unpopular among the Germanic patriots. In 1914 Rosa twice prosecuted for anti-war speeches.
August 1, 1914 Kaiser Wilhelm II declared war on Russia. The parliamentary faction of the Socialists as a whole voted for war credits. Luxembourg was furious folly colleagues, along with Mehring she created antishovinistsky journal "Internationale". But as Rose managed to write the first article, as she was arrested in February 1915 and concluded in a Berlin women′s prison. Began the darkest band of life of Rosa Luxemburg.
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| Photo: "Rosa Luxemburg" |
After a brief respite in 1916 revolutionaries sent back to their cells, where Rose without a trial held in a cell for two and a half years (to say wartime). But she was no longer young, lonely and sick. But, knowing that the great healer - the work of Luxembourg and in prison a lot of writing. She unexpectedly became involved in science, translated into German "history of my contemporary" Korolenko, that during the war with Russia seemed madness.
When in 1918 rose again freed from prison in Germany might and main raging November Revolution. Social situation got out of control, a wave of bloody terror spilled into the street, realized all the anger that has accumulated during the war. In any revolution, the most terrible thing is that it is not considered a person, she does not understand right and guilty, supporters or opponents, she mows down anyone who comes across a blade of her knife. Rosa Luxemburg was the victim of their own former friends in the party. They tried to hurry, under cover to get rid of troublesome colleague.
At Sunday, January 15, 1919, in the evening, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were arrested. Luxembourg was taken to the Hotel "Eden", where at the entrance of a large crowd of officers and soldiers of an elderly woman showered with abuse and insults.
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| Photo: "Rosa Luxemburg" |
She was subjected to humiliating, and then disguised the fact that Luxembourg should be transferred to Moabit prison, led to the exit. When the woman walked through the main entrance of the hotel, one of the soldiers struck her two blows to the head. Arrested fell. Then it made to the car and they continued to beat. Finally, tired of izmyvatelstv, the officer fired Rosa Luxemburg in her head. Corpse thrown on the road route to the channel. The next day, the killings in the best traditions of sadistic photographed together after a drinking binge. Only four months later, on June 1, were found the remains of a prominent revolutionary, political activist Rosa Luxemburg.
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