"BIG APPLE" - NEW YORK

In April 1624 Florentine navigator Giovanni da Veradzano, is the French King Francis I, on his boat "Dauphin" sailed into the mouth of the North. The Indians met the navigator is very friendly, but stayed J. da Veradzano are short: it went along the coast to the north, looking at the bay and only a cursory survey the neighborhood. Fearing a storm, navigator, went to the open sea, but he noticed the sea into the fresh stream. This creek, taking on the island of articles, then gained greater fame: all sailors knew it as "a place where the water. " J. Veradzano yes, probably, and became the first European to visit the island of Manhattan, which has increased the future New York City.

After Florentine visited these shores for a few more sailors, but in 1609, Henry Hudson, English sailor in the service of the East India Company, contracted to explore the fabled northwest passage to the Pacific Ocean. His ship was lifted up on the North River, which is now the name of seafarer. Five years have card for the first time put on her island of Manhattan, who in 1625 began systematically to learn Dutch merchants. Sailors and merchants were the first colonists island. They built a log hut, and the settlement called New Netherlands.

In 1626 on the island, the first governor, Peter Min, has made a legendary deal: he "bought" from trusting Indian tribe "manhatan" right to the island for a few knives, bright trinkets and blankets - all worth 60 guilders.

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But now traces the life of the Indian tribe, sold for a song their own island energetic migrants from the Old World, not to find even under the city asphalt.

Center of New Netherlands became New Amsterdam Fort, situated on the southern tip of Manhattan. Fort had four bastions with garrison of 60 soldiers, and all of the island is home to about 500 people speaking 18 languages. Inside the fort were a stone church, the house of the governor, warehouses and barracks. By mid-century building of the New Amsterdam already got out of the fort, and although the East India Company forbade selling land to private ownership, the colonists seized it without permission.

In the southern part of the island of Manhattan was a lot of creeks, swamps and stones, but the settlers were accustomed at home to the reclamation work, to drain their stations leap drainage canals. Some of them simply moved to neighboring islands.

Over time, New Amsterdam among the other trade settlement and became the administrative center of the New Netherlands. Around him, other settlements, and in 1639 on the eastern side of the bay was founded Breykelen village, which later grew up in New York area of Brooklyn. After three years, Dane Johannes Bronka, moving from the island via the Harlem River, settled on the mainland, where he became a grown tobacco (later this evolved Bronx).

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In 1643 the first settlement was on the territory of the Queens, and even 20 years later - on the Island article Rhode Island.

It was built New Amsterdam, but life in the city was not safe. Attacks by settlers on the Indians began a war with them, and then Governor Styuvisent to protect the city, built around a wooden defensive wall, which cut the island′s southern tip. However, the wall was rather symbolic importance, as citizens permanently dismantle its boards to repair their homes and their heating. As a result, by the end of XVII century on the site finally pulled down the wall there was a future Wall Street.

Colony of New Amsterdam did not bring the expected income among its residents gradually reign of apathy and confusion, and by early 1660-ies of the colony in fact came to the bankruptcy. When the rivalry between Holland and England in the maritime trade routes into the undeclared war that devastated New Amsterdam in 1664, without the slightest resistance capitulated to the British squadron. In the same year the English King Charles II gave his brother Jacob, the Duke of York and Olbanskomu, part of the lands of New Netherlands. That′s when New Amsterdam was renamed in honor of its new owner in New York.

At the time of arrival of the British city assigned to the population of Philadelphia and Boston, it dominated by dilapidated buildings on the narrow and winding streets, which are also not removed.

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However, in the first decade of the XVIII century New York has become the cultural center of British America: it has become a published newspaper, opened the theater and the library of New York society, began its activities King′s College (now Columbia University). Develops the streets of the city, were built new churches, the houses had a water-organized movement of urban transport. Prior to our time from the English colonial style in New York survived a few buildings: in particular, the Church of St. Paul and the so-called "Fronsa tavern, built in 1712. But the last few that has kept from his initial appearance: the modern form, it is merely an imitation created in 1907, but still claims to "value" of a genuine antique.

Before the start of the war for the independence of America New York was the center of the impact of British troops, who wanted to capture the Hudson Valley and thereby divide the rebel colony. Occupied by the British in September 1776 New York for several days, was devastated by fire, which destroyed more than a third of the urban buildings.

After the Civil War, Manhattan wanted to become not only the city but also the metropolis. However, the state has been the capital - the city of Washington and Manhattan - it is a kernel "great" New York - did not want to be only a national center.

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However, almost until the end of XIX century the city consisted only of Manhattan, Brooklyn separately distinguished, and all other areas were only small farms, suburbs, independent towns. But New York has sought to become the first, hence his desire to capture the other islands, which was carried out using the bridges and tunnels.

Today′s New York consists of five main areas (Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond), which are essentially individual cities. Manhattan - an island, washed by the Hudson River and East River, long tongue, he stretches from north to south. All of New York skyscrapers are concentrated in Manhattan, because they are cheaper construction. In October 1929, on the island whose name means "island of hills", laid the Empire State Building (ESB), which has more than 70 years is the ornament of New York. Previously, on the spot where now rises the skyscraper were thickets, waste and lakes in which vodilis muskrat. And now, with a height of observation platform open swimming city lights, shimmering like precious stones, bridges, reflected in the waters . . . Flaring neon advertising, moving fire tape hayveev - all this is a fantastic spectacle, which is impossible to cover the eye at once, but that just is amazing. The best way is to visit the day - to see the spread at the bottom of streets, squares and parks of New York, and in the evening - to enjoy the game of city lights.

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Initially intended to use the ESB as a landing dock for airships, but after the disaster with "Gindenburgom" changed. In 1945, at an altitude of 79-th floor of the building crashed bomber, which caused a big slump, but the steel frame skyscraper stood.

While many of the streets of Manhattan skyscrapers are built up, which prevail over the 102-storey ESB, they will not look bleak canyons. All streets straight, rather broad, and because of light and the sun on them are many. The exception is only a short, narrow curve and Wall Street - the center of business life. It begins from the gate of the Church of the Holy Trinity, built in the Gothic style of white stone, now pochernevshego time. Approximately in the middle of Wall Street is the most ancient building in New York - built of gray granite squat house, crowned by a portico. It is known that in the D. Washington was elevated to the post of President of the United States, there were published "Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence. "

Located in Manhattan and the world-famous Broadway, although there are at least two of Broadway. Broadway ordinary starts winding its way from the southern tip of the island and stretches for tens of kilometers, teryayas on the northern outskirts of New York. And there are Broadway-stump - the part of ordinary Broadway, dozens of neighborhoods in the heart of Manhattan.

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It is located on the renowned theaters, dancing neon advertisements, sparkling visors cinemas. Here is washed clean and brightly lit huge windows of shops, cafes and restaurants.

In the northern part of Manhattan stretches Negro Harlem World, China Town - one of the national over the New York City. In the southern part of Brooklyn is located Coney Island - amusement park and a place of entertainment. In the hot days of his lawn medley of umbrellas and bathing suits holidaymakers who come here from all over the city.

One of the attractions of New York is a quarter-Greenwich Village, located on Ellis Island. At the beginning of XVII century on the site were Indian settlement, but in 1696 settled here the British invaders, who gave the village the name of the English town of Greenwich. In the XVII century, many wealthy landowners had estates in Greenwich, with the result that he became one of the most famous districts of New York.

By the beginning of XX century, Greenwich Village became a favorite place for Bohemian: apparently, the entire political, scientific and cultural avant-garde American concentrated in this small area. Here are novice actors, musicians, painters, sculptors - young people, yet full of bright hope. They live in Greenwich Village, and those who have been frustrated efforts "vybitsya in people.

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" For many years the existence of Greenwich Village, it has its own traditions, customs and traditions. Among his promiscuous public no-no, yes and melknet genuine talent. If such a person have more will power and perseverance to go through all the tests of fate, he becomes famous and left-Greenwich Village. It left a lot of famous people, such as playwright A. Miller, whom we know in the country based on the play "Salemskie witches," "All My Sons", etc.

At the entrance to New York harbor is "the greatest woman in the world" - Statue of Liberty. For over a century, it welcomes all coming to New York, reminding everyone of the ideals on which the American nation.